Biotech

Question 1

Molecular Cloning

Answer 1

Procedure used to introduce foreign or altered DNA into a recipient cell that will be replicated and passed onto a cell’s progeny

Question 2

Generalized Cloning Process - Step

Answer 2

1. Isolate DNA from organism of interest
2. Use a restriction enzyme to cut DNA into fragments
3. Use the same enzyme to cut the vector to form a linear model
4. Join a fragment of DNA with the vector
   Introduce recombinant molecule into host

Question 3

Vector

Answer 3

Replicon in which the DNA of interest is inserted.

Question 4

Insert

Answer 4

The DNA of interest that is inserted into the Vector

Question 5

Vector characteristics that make the cloning process easier

Answer 5

Multiple-Cloning Site
Selectable Marker
Second Genetic Marker

Question 6

Multiple-Cloning Site

Answer 6

Short nucleotide sequence that has been engineered to include the recognition sequences of several different restriction enzymes that cut nowhere else in the vector. Where DNA of interest will be inserted

Question 7

Selectable Marker

Answer 7

A gene that encodes resistance to an antibiotic and allows the researcher to eliminate any cells that have not taken up the molecules containing vector sequences

Question 8

Second genetic marker

Answer 8

Encodes an observable characteristics that allows researchers to distinguish colonies of cells that contain recombinant molecules

Question 9

Cas Nuclease

Answer 9

Nucleic acid cutting enzymes via ssRNA as a guide to recognize a particular DNA or RNA sequence within a cell

Question 10

gRNA

Answer 10

Guide RNA that allows a Cas nuclease to bind to the proper nucelotide sequence

Question 11

dCas

Answer 11

“dead Cas”

Inactivated Cas systems and blocks RNA polymerase thereby turning the gene off

Fluorescent marker

Question 12

What are some applications of Cas systems?

Answer 12

Rapid diagnosis of disease

Question 13

DNA sequencing

Answer 13

determines the order of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule

Question 14

WSG

Answer 14

Whole Genome Sequencing

Used to track pathogens and compare genome sequences of various strains of a single species

Question 15

High-Throughput Sequencing

Answer 15

“Next gen sequencing”
Several highly automated methods that generate huge amount of DNA sequence data quickly

Question 16

3 steps to DNA sequence

Answer 16

1. Data gathering
2. Alignment of gathered data
3. Result

Question 17

Nanopore sequencing

Answer 17

measures brief changes in an electrical current to determine the nucleotide sequence of long fragments of DNA as they ass through microscopic pores in a membrane

Question 18

RNA-Seq

Answer 18

Like DNA-Seq but for RNA

Question 19

RT-PCR

Answer 19

detect specific RNA sequence in a sample and is used to synthesize cDNA from the RNA template which then serves as a template for amplification