biotech Flashcards
series of proteins built into
inner mitochondrial membrane
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
where does ETC take place in mitochondria?
cristae (inner membrane)
ETC
transport of electrons down ETC linked to
pumping of H+
to create H+ gradient
(True or false) yields ~32 ATP from 1 glucose and is anaerobic respiration.
false, yields ~36 ATP, aerobic respiration
highly folded cristae, enzymes & transport
proteins
inner membrane
fluid-filled space
between membranes
intermembrane space
other name for Complex I?
NADH
dehydrogenase
other name for Complex III?
cytochrome
bc complex
other name for Complex IV?
cytochrome c
oxidase complex
What powers the proton (H+) pumps
ATP
what “pulls” the
electrons down the ETC?
O2
The diffusion of ions across a membrane
Chemiosmosis
links the Electron
Transport Chain
to ATP synthesis
Chemiosmosis
Proposed chemiosmotic hypothesis, (revolutionary idea at the time)
Peter Mitchell
Where did the glucose come from?
Food
Where did the O2 come from?
Air
Where did the H2O come from?
ETC
What is the last acceptor of etc?
oxygen
a solid, liquid or semi-solid
designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells.
A growth medium or culture medium
a general purpose, nutrient medium used for the cultivation of microbes
Nutrient Agar
principal source of organic nitrogen for the growing bacteria.
0.5% Peptone
water-soluble substances which aid in bacterial growth, such
as vitamins, carbohydrates, organic nitrogen compounds and salts
0.3% beef extract
solidifying agent.
1.5% agar
maintains a salt concentration in the medium that is similar to the
cytoplasm of the microorganisms.
0.5% NaCl
Water is essential for the growth of and reproduction of microorganisms and also provides the medium through which various nutrients can be
transported.
Distilled water
pH is adjusted to neutral ?
(7.4) at 25 °C.
Uses of Nutrient Agar
for isolation and purification of culture
contain all the elements that
most bacteria need for growth and are not
selective, so they are used for the general
cultivation and maintenance of bacteria kept in
laboratory culture collections
Culture media
those that contain the
minimum nutrients possible for colony growth,
generally without the presence of amino acids,
and are often used by microbiologists and
geneticists to grow “wild-type”
microorganisms
Minimal Media
Types of media
Culture, Minimal, Differential, selective, transport, enriched media
used for the growth of only selected microorganisms
Selective media
true or false. MacConkey agar is for Gram-negative bacteria and is differential for lactose fermentation
true
distinguish one microorganism type from
another growing on the same medium
differential media
contains bovine heart blood that
becomes transparent
blood agar
used in the isolation of anaerobes must be free of molecular
oxygen
Transport Media
nutrients required to support the growth of
a wide variety of organisms
enriched media
enriched with heat-treated blood (40–
45 °C), which turns brown and gives the medium the color for which it
is named
chocolate agar
TRUE OR FALSE. Steps in weighing using an analytical balance.
ZERO THE SCALE BY PRESSING THE TARE BUTTON. THE
SCALE READING SHOULD BE “0”.
* PLACE THE WEIGHING BOAT OR DISH ON THE SCALE.
THERE IS NO NEED TO RECORD THIS VALUE.
* PRESS THE “TARE” BUTTON ON THE SCALE. THE BALANCE
READING SHOULD BE “0”.
* ADD THE SAMPLE TO THE CONTAINER. THE
VALUE GIVEN IS THE MASS OF YOUR SAMPLE. RECORD IT.
true
isolating specific bacteria from a
sample containing a mixture of microorganisms.
The technique essentially dilutes the number of
organisms and reduces their density.
streak plate technique
a visible cluster of bacteria
colony
inoculating the top half of the plate,
rotating it 180 degrees, and inoculating the
other half of the plate without sterilizing the
loop or dragging bacteria from the previous
section
continuous streaking
isolating individual cells by preparing areas
of dilution (isolation)
Quadrant streaking
divided into three quadrants by drawing
the letter ‘T’.
T-streaking
True or false. Isolated colonies are produced but large fuzzy white colonies indicate contamination. This shows great streaking.
false
results from leaving the plate open too long or not shielding properly with the lid
contamination of a streak plate
