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Biochem II Semi-final pool > Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids > Flashcards

Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase:

  1. isocitrate
  2. ascorbate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. malate
A

answer:

  1. alpha-Ketoglutarate
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2
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. malate
  2. L-glutamate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamate
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3
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. L-asparagine
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. glutathione
  4. L-glutamine
  5. L-aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamine
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4
Q

Identify cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. Mg-GTP
  2. Mg-GDP
  3. Mg-ATP
  4. Mg-ADP
  5. Mg-UTP
A

answer:

  1. Mg-ATP
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5
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized and formed in the reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase:

  1. A is Mg-GTP, B is Mg-ATP
  2. A is Mg-ATP, B is Mg-ADP+Pi
  3. A is Mg-ADP+Pi, B is Mg-ATP
  4. A is Mg-GDP+Pi, B is Mg-GTP
  5. A is Mg-GTP, B is Mg-GDP+Pi
A

answer:

  1. A is Mg-ATP, B is Mg-ADP+Pi
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6
Q

The synthesis of glutamine catalyzed by glutamine synthetase involves the formation of the following intermedier. Name the intermedier:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. 3-phospho-glycerate
  4. 2-phospho-glycerate
  5. gamma-glutamyl-phosphate
A

answer:

  1. gamma-glutamyl-phosphate
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7
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Lactate
  2. Malate
  3. Fumarate
  4. Pyruvate
  5. Succinate
A

answer:

  1. Pyruvate
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8
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction:

  1. Glycine
  2. Ornithine
  3. Alanine
  4. Glutamine
  5. Lactate
A

answer:

  1. Alanine
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9
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Aspartate aminotransferase
  2. Glutamate dehydrogenase
  3. Pyruvate carboxylase
  4. Alanine aminotransferase
  5. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
A

answer:

  1. Alanine aminotransferase
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10
Q

Transamination of pyruvate forms the following compound:

  1. Lactate
  2. Aspartate
  3. Alanine
  4. Malate
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Alanine
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11
Q

Transaminases require the following coenzyme:

  1. Coenzyme A
  2. Lipoic acid
  3. Biotin
  4. Pyridoxal phosphate
  5. FAD
A

answer:

  1. Pyridoxal phosphate

(convert into pryidoxamine)

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12
Q

Identify compound B in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase:

  1. citrate
  2. L-glutamate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. oxaloacetate
  5. aspartate
A

answer:

  1. L-glutamate.
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13
Q

Transamination of oxaloacetate forms the following compound:

  1. Pyruvate
  2. Aspartate
  3. Glutamate
  4. Malate
  5. Lactate
A

answer:

  1. Aspartate
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14
Q

The amino donor in the formation of alanine by transamination of pyruvate is the following amino acid:

  1. Glutamine
  2. Asparagine
  3. Serine
  4. Ornithine
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate.

also could be Aspartate

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15
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Glutamate or Aspartate
  2. Asparagine or Glutamine
  3. Aspartate or Asparagine
  4. Lactate or Malate
  5. Arginine
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate or Aspartate
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16
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase:

  1. Lactate
  2. Fumarate or Malate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate
  4. Glutamine or Asparagine
  5. Glutamine or Ornithine
A

answer:

  1. alpha-Ketoglutarate or oxaloacetate.
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17
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Aspartate aminotransferase
  2. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
  3. Glutamine synthetase
  4. Asparagine synthetase
  5. Asparaginase
A

answer:

  1. Asparagine synthetase.
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18
Q

Identify compound A in the reaction catalyzed by asparagine synthetase:

  1. L-Glutamate
  2. L-Aspartate
  3. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  4. L-Alanine
  5. Oxaloacetate
A

answer:

  1. L-Aspartate
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19
Q

Identify compound A in the following reaction:

  1. Alanine
  2. Glutamine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Arginine
  5. Glycine
A

answer:

  1. Asparagine
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20
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized in the reaction catalyzed by asparagine synthetase:

  1. NADH + H+
  2. Mg-ATP
  3. Acetyl-CoA
  4. FADH2
  5. Mg-GTP
A

answer:

  1. Mg-ATP.
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21
Q

The following compound provides nitrogen in the conversion of aspartate to asparagine catalyzed by human asparagine synthetase:

  1. NH4+
  2. Alanine
  3. Aspartate
  4. Glutamine
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Glutamine

!!! NH4+ is used only in bacterial asparagine synthetases !!!

(in glutamine synthetase reaction NH4+ is used)

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22
Q

The synthesis of asparagine catalyzed by asparagine synthetase involves the formation of the following intermedier. Name the intermedier:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
  2. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  3. phospho-serine
  4. 3-phospho-glycerate
  5. glutamyl phosphate
A

answer:

  1. aspartyl-phosphate
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23
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Glutamate dehydrogenase
  2. Glutamate decarboxylase
  3. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
  4. Glutaminase
  5. Glutamine synthetase
A

answer:

  1. Glutamate dehydrogenase
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24
Q

Oxidation of the glycolytic intermedier 3-phosphoglycerate is catalyzed by the following enzyme in serine biosynthesis:

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate isomerase
  2. Phosphoglycerate mutase
  3. 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
  4. 2-phosphoglycerate isomerase
  5. 2-phosphoglycerate reductase
A

answer:

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

oxidation of alpha- hydroxyl group.

convert 3-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate.

Afterwards, transamination and dephosphorylation -> form serine.

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25
Q

Name the product of the following reaction in serine biosynthesis:

  1. 2-phosphoglycerate
  2. Phosphoenol-pyruvate
  3. Phospho-serine
  4. aspartyl-phosphate
  5. Phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
A

answer:

  1. Phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
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26
Q

What is the sequence of reactions in serine biosynthetic pathway starting from the glycolytic intermedier 3-phosphoglycerate?

  1. reduction, dephosphorylation, transamination
  2. oxidation, transamination, dephosphorylation
  3. oxidation, transamination, phosphorylation
  4. reduction, transamination, phosphorylation
  5. oxidation, dephosphorylation, transamination
A

answer:

  1. oxidation, transamination, dephosphorylation.
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27
Q

Which of the following glycolytic intermedier is oxidized by a dehydrogenase in serine biosynthetic pathway?

  1. 2-phosphoglycerate
  2. 3-phosphoglycerate
  3. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
  4. phosphoenol-pyruvate
  5. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
A

answer:

  1. 3-phosphoglycerate
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28
Q

Which of the following cofactor is utilized by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in serine biosynthetic pathway?

  1. FAD
  2. FADH2
  3. NAD+
  4. NADH + H+
  5. NADP+
A

answer:

  1. NAD+
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29
Q

Identify compound A formed from phosphohydroxy-pyruvate in serine biosynthesis:

  1. Phosphoenol-pyruvate
  2. 2-phosphoglycerate
  3. 3-phosphoglycerate
  4. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  5. Phospho-L-serine
A

answer:

  1. Phospho-L-serine
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30
Q

The type of the reaction shown below is:

  1. Transamination
  2. Amination
  3. Deamination
  4. Amidation
  5. Deamidation
A

answer:

  1. Transamination
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31
Q

Hydrolytic removal of the phosphoryl group from phospho-L-serine in serine biosynthesis is catalized by the following enzyme:

  1. phosphoserine-dehydrogenase
  2. phosphoserine-hydrolase
  3. serine-dehydrogenase
  4. serine-hydrolase
  5. serine synthetase
A

answer:

  1. phosphoserine-hydrolase
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32
Q

Intermediers formed from 3-phosphoglycerate in serine biosynthesis are the following:

  1. 2-phosphoglycerate, phospho-L-serine, phosphoenol-pyruvate
  2. 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
  3. phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
  4. phosphoenol-pyruvate, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
  5. phosphoenol-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
A

answer:

  1. phosphohydroxy-pyruvate, phospho-L-serine
33
Q

Which of the following amino acid can be formed from choline?

  1. Serine
  2. Glutamine
  3. Asparagine
  4. Glycine
  5. Alanine
A

answer:

  1. Glycine.

*only in mammals, additional route for Glycine is from Serine.*

In general, Glycine can be synthesized from glyoxylate and glutamate or alanine.

34
Q

Identify the type of the reaction catalyzed by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase in the direction of L-glutamate formation:

  1. oxidative deamination
  2. oxidative decarboxylation
  3. oxidative carboxylation
  4. reductive amination
  5. reductive decarboxylation
A

answer:

  1. Reductive amination

!!! in the Harper’s the use the term reductive amidation!!!

35
Q

Identify the amino acid (AA) formed in the synthetic pathway shown below:

  1. Alanine
  2. Serine
  3. Glycine
  4. Glutamine
  5. Asparagine
A

answer:

  1. Glycine
36
Q

Name the amino acid (AA) formed in the synthetic pathway shown below:

  1. Alanine
  2. Serine
  3. Glutamine
  4. Glycine
  5. Asparagine
A

answer:

  1. Glycine
37
Q

Name compound A in the synthetic pathway shown below:

  1. Serine
  2. Phospho-L-serine
  3. Glutamate
  4. Alanine
  5. Choline
A

answer:

  1. Choline
38
Q

Glycine aminotransferases can catalyze the formation of glycine from the following compounds:

  1. Arginine, Lysine
  2. Glutamine, Asparagine
  3. Glyoxylate, Glutamate, Alanine
  4. Pyruvate, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  5. Histidine
A

answer:

  1. Glyoxylate, Glutamate, Alanine
39
Q

Interconversion of serine and glycine is catalyzed by the following enzyme:

  1. Glycine-N-methyl-transferase
  2. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
  3. Serine dehydrogenase
  4. Glycine aminotransferase
  5. Glycine dehydrogenase
A

answer:

  1. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
40
Q

Biosynthetic pathway of glycine from choline involves the following compounds:

  1. methylene-homocysteine, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  2. phospho-L-serine, phosphohydroxy-pyruvate
  3. alanine, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate
  4. glutamate, glutamine, N-formyl-homocysteine
  5. betainaldehyde, betain, sarcosine
A

answer:

  1. betainaldehyde, betain, sarcosine
41
Q

Identify cofactor A in the following synthetic pathway:

  1. FAD
  2. NADP+
  3. NAD+
  4. NADH+H+
  5. FADH2
A

answer:

  1. NAD+
42
Q

First reaction of glycine biosynthesis from choline is catalyzed by the following enzyme:

  1. Sarcosine dehydrogenase
  2. Choline dehydrogenase
  3. Choline-N-methyl-transferase
  4. Betain-N-methyl-transferase
  5. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase
A

answer:

  1. Choline dehydrogenase
43
Q

Name the enzyme catalyzing the following reaction:

  1. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase
  2. Serine dehydrogenase
  3. Serine hydrolase
  4. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
  5. Homocystein-N-methyl-transferase
A

answer:

  1. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
44
Q

Identify the amino acid (AA) interconverted to glycine in the following reaction:

  1. Serine
  2. Alanine
  3. Glutamine
  4. Homocystein
  5. Glutamate
A

answer:

  1. Serine
45
Q

Identify the type of the reaction catalyzed by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase in the direction of alpha-Ketoglutarate formation:

  1. oxidative deamination
  2. oxidative decarboxylation
  3. oxidative carboxylation
  4. reductive amination
  5. reductive decarboxylation
A

answer:

  1. oxidative deamination.

*reation for alpha ketoglutarate formation*

46
Q

Name the amino acid (AA) interconverted to glycine in the following reaction:

  1. Homocysteine
  2. Serine
  3. Alanine
  4. Glutamine
  5. Aspartate
A

answer:

  1. Serine
47
Q

Serine is interconverted to the following amino acid by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase:

  1. Alanine
  2. Cysteine
  3. Glutamine
  4. Aspartate
  5. Glycine
A

answer:

  1. Glycerin
48
Q

Serine is interconverted to another amino acid (AA) in the reaction shown below. Name the amino acid:

  1. Alanine
  2. Glycine
  3. Glutamine
  4. Aspartate
  5. Cystein
A

answer:

  1. Glycine
49
Q

Serine is interconverted to glycine by the following enzyme:

  1. Dimethyl-glycine dehydrogenase
  2. Serine dehydrogenase
  3. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
  4. Serine hydrolase
  5. Homocystein-N-methyl-transferase
A

answer:

  1. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
50
Q

In the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme the following cofactor is utilized:

  1. Biotin
  2. NADH+H+
  3. Dihydrobiopterine
  4. Tetrahydrofolate
  5. Coenzyme A
A

answer:

  1. Teyrahydrofolate

(H4 folate)

51
Q

In the interconversion of serine and glycine catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase the following cofactor is formed:

  1. NAD+
  2. FAD
  3. Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate
  4. FADH2
  5. Coenzyme A
A

answer:

  1. Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate

(methylene- H4 folate)

52
Q

Name cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase:

  1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
  2. Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
  3. Dihydrofolate
  4. Tetrahydrofolate
  5. Formyl-dihydrofolate
A

answer:

  1. Tetrahydrofolate
53
Q

Name cofactor A formed in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase:

  1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
  2. Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
  3. Dihydrofolate
  4. Tetrahydrofolate
  5. Formyl-dihydrofolate
A

answer:

  1. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
54
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized (A) and formed (B) in the reaction catalyzed by serine-hydroxymethyltransferase:

  1. A is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate, B is Tetrahydrofolate
  2. A is Dihydrofolate, B is Tetrahydrofolate
  3. A is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate, B is Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
  4. A is Tetrahydrofolate, B is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
  5. A is Formyl-tetrahydrofolate, B is Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate
A

answer:

  1. A is Tetrahydrofolate, B is Methylene-tetrahydrofolate
55
Q

Serine and compound A is converted to homoserine and cysteine. Name compound A:

  1. Selenocysteine
  2. Methionine
  3. Phospho-serine
  4. Glycine
  5. Homocysteine
A

answer:

  1. Homocysteine
56
Q

Identify the cofactor utilized and formed in the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase:

  1. A is FADH2, B is FAD
  2. A is FAD, B is FADH2
  3. A is NAD(P)H+H+, B is NAD(P)+
  4. A is NAD(P)+, B is NAD(P)H+H+
  5. A is NADH+H+, B is NADPH+H+
A

answer:

  1. A is NAD(P)H+H+, B is NAD(P)+
57
Q

L-Homocysteine and compound A is converted to L-homoserine and L-cysteine. Name compound A:

  1. Cystine
  2. Methionine
  3. L-Serine
  4. Phospho-serine
  5. L-Homocysteine
A

answer:

  1. L-serine
58
Q

Serine and compound A is converted to L-homoserine and cysteine. Identify compound A:

  1. Homocysteine
  2. Selenocysteine
  3. Ascorbate
  4. Methionine
  5. Glycine
A

answer:

  1. Homocysteine
59
Q

Serine and homocysteine is converted to homoserine and another amino acid. Name the amino acid:

  1. Methionine
  2. S-adenozyl-methionine
  3. Glycine
  4. Formyl-methionine
  5. Cysteine
A

answer:

  1. Cysteine
60
Q

Name compound A in the reaction shown below:

  1. Homoserine
  2. Methionine
  3. Cystine
  4. Phospho-serine
  5. Formyl-methionine
A

answer:

  1. Homoserine
61
Q

The following enzyme converts phenylalanine to tyrosine:

  1. Phenylalanine-hydroxymethyl-transferase
  2. Phenylalanine-hydroxylase
  3. Phenylalanine-dehydrogenase
  4. Phenylalanine-oxidase
  5. Phenylalanine-decarboxylase
A

answer:

  1. phenylalanine- hydroxylase
62
Q

Identify amino acid (AA) lacking in the reaction shown below:

  1. Histidine
  2. Tryptophane
  3. Phenylalanine
  4. Glutamine
  5. Lysisne
A

answer:

  1. Phenylalanine
63
Q

Phenylalanine-hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to the following compound:

  1. Homoserine
  2. Tyrosine
  3. Tryptophane
  4. Alanine
  5. S-adenosyl-methionine
A

answer:

  1. Tyrosine
64
Q

Identify cofactor A utilized in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase:

  1. Biotin
  2. FADH2
  3. Tetrahydrobiopterine
  4. Dihydrofolate
  5. Tetrahydrofolate
A

answer:

  1. Tetrahydrobiopterine
65
Q

Identify cofactor A formed in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase:

  1. Tetrahydrobiopterine
  2. Tetrahydrofolate
  3. Dihydrofolate
  4. Dihydrobiopterine
  5. Folate
A

answer:

  1. Dihydrobiopterine
66
Q

henylalanine-hydroxylase enzyme is a ____________________:

  1. oxygenase
  2. estherase
  3. dehydrogenase
  4. isomerase
  5. mixed function oxidase
A

answer:

  1. mixed function oxidase
67
Q

The reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase favors glutamate synthesis, which lowers the concentration of cytotoxic compound A. Please name compound A:

  1. NO
  2. H2O2
  3. O2-
  4. ONOO-
  5. NH4+
A

answer:

  1. NH4+
68
Q

Catalysis by phenylalanine-hydroxylase incorporates one atom of compound A into phenylalanine:

  1. H2O2
  2. COO-
  3. O2
  4. OH-
  5. CO2
A

answer:

  1. O2
69
Q

Name cofactor A providing reducing power in the reaction catalyzed by phenylalanine-hydroxylase:

  1. Glutathione
  2. NADPH+H+
  3. FADH2
  4. NADH+H+
  5. H2O2
A

answer:

  1. NADPH+H+
70
Q

Prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase enzymes are __________________.

  1. hydrolyses
  2. estherases
  3. mixed function oxidases
  4. isomerases
  5. oxygenases
A

answer:

  1. mixed function oxidases
71
Q

Identify compound A decarboxylated in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase:

  1. Oxaloacetate
  2. Citrate
  3. Glutamate
  4. alpha-Ketoglutarate
  5. Aspartate
A

answer:

  1. alpha-Ketoglutarate
72
Q

Identify compound A formed by decarboxylation of alpha-Ketoglutarate in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase:

  1. Oxaloacetate
  2. Malate
  3. Glutamate
  4. Succinate
  5. Fumarate
A

answer:

  1. Succinate
73
Q

Hydroxylation of peptidyl prolyl and peptidyl lysyl residues of proteins catalyzed by the following emzymes:

  1. Phenylalanine-hydroxylase
  2. Prolyl oxygenase and Lysyl oxygenase
  3. Prolyl hydroxylase and Lysyl hydroxylase
  4. Prolyl transferase and Lysyl transferase
  5. Proline hydrolase and Lysine hydrolase
A

answer:

  1. Prolyl hydroxylase and Lysyl hydroxylase
74
Q

Catalysis by prolyl-hydroxylase incorporates one atom of compound A into proline and succinate:

  1. H2O2
  2. O2
  3. NO2
  4. CO2
  5. COO-
A

answer:

  1. O2
75
Q

Identify cofactor A required in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase:

  1. Cu2+
  2. Zn2+
  3. Fe2+
  4. Ca2+
  5. Mn2+
A

answer:

  1. Fe2+
76
Q

Identify cofactor A required in the reaction catalyzed by prolyl hydroxylase:

  1. NAD+
  2. FADH2
  3. GTP
  4. Ascorbate
  5. Fumarate
A

answer:

  1. Ascorbate
77
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin required for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases results in scurvy:

  1. Vitamin C
  2. Vitamin A
  3. Vitamin E
  4. Vitamin B6
  5. Vitamin B12
A

answer:

  1. Vitamin C
78
Q

Glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme of eukaryotes is present in the following cell organelle:

  1. endoplasmatic reticulum
  2. peroxisome
  3. mitochondria
  4. lysosome
  5. Golgi apparatus
A

answer:

  1. mitochondria
79
Q

In the reaction catalyzed by prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases one atom of O2 is incorporated into proline or lysine and the other into the following compound:

  1. Fumarate
  2. Oxaloacetate
  3. Citrate
  4. Succinate
  5. Malate
A

amswer:

  1. Succinate

Biochem II Semi-final pool (7 decks)

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