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BIOMOLECULAR > BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS > Flashcards

BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS MEANT BY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID?

A

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID IS:
AMINO ACIDS THAT CANNOT BE PRODUCED BY THE BODY.
IT NEED TO BE OBTAINED FROM THE SUPPLEMENT OR DIET

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2
Q

WHAT IS NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID?

A

NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID:
- AMINO ACID THAT IS SYNTHESISED IN THE BODY FROM THE INTERMEDIATES OF METABOLISM OR FROM ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

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3
Q

STATE 5 EXAMPLES OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

A

MNEMONICS: Try THis VIP MaLL
- Trytophan
- Theonine
- Histidine
- Valine
- Isoleucine
- Phenylalanine
- Methionine
- Leucine
- Lysine

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4
Q

STATE 3 EXAMPLES OF NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID.

A

MNEMONIC: GAAAS
- GLUTAMATE
- ASPARAGINE
- ASPARTATE
- ALANINE
- SERINE

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5
Q

STATE 3 EXAMPLES OF CONDITIONALLY NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

A

ACGG PT
- ARGININE
- GLUTAMINE
- CYSTINE
- GLYCINE
- PROLINE
- TYROSINE

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6
Q

WHAT IS THE PRODUCT OF THESE AMINO ACID WHEN IT UNDERGOES TRANSAMINATION?
- PYRUVATE
- OXALOACETATE
- A- KETOGLUTARATE

A
  • ALANINE
  • ASPARTATE
  • GLUTAMATE
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7
Q

WHAT IS THE ENZYME THAT BEING USED TO FORMED:
- GLUTAMINE
- ASPARAGINE

A
  • GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE
  • ASPARAGINE SYNTHETASE
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8
Q

HOW SERINE IS FORMED?

A
  • SERINE IS SYNTHESISED FROM THE 3- PHOSPHOGLYCERATE
  • THEN IT WILL UNDERGOES OXIDATION FORMING PHOSPHOPYRUVATE
  • PHOSPHOPYRUVATE IS THEN UNDERGOES TRANSAMINATION FORMING PHOSPHOSERINE
  • LASTLY, PHOSPHOSERINE UNDERGOES HYDROLYSIS FORMING SERINE.
  • SERINE ALSO CAN BE FORMED FROM GLYCINE BY TRANSFERING THE HYDROXYMETHYL GROUP.
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9
Q

GLYCINE IS FORMED BY _____ OF HYDROXYLMETHYL GROUP FROM ______.

A

REMOVAL
SERINE

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10
Q

ARGININE CAN BE FOUND IN ______ CYCLE.

A

UREA

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11
Q

ARGININE CAN BE FOUND IN ______ CYCLE.

A

UREA

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12
Q

PROLINE IS SYNTHESISED FROM ______ AND _____.

A

ARGININE
GLUTAMATE

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13
Q

DESCRIBE THE FORMATION OF CYSTEINE.

A

CYSTEINE IS FORMED FROM THE COMBINATION OF HOMOCYSTEINE AND SERINE.
THIS COMBINATION WILL RESULT IN THE FORMATION OF CYSTATHIONINE.
CYSTATHIONINE WILL UNDERGOES HYDROLISATION WHICH IN TURN PRODUCE CYSTEINE AND HOMOSERINE.
HOMOCYSTEINE IS DERIVED FROM THE METHIONINE.
IN ORDER TO FORMED CYSTEINE, THE AMOUNT OF METHIONINE SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT.

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14
Q

DESCRIBE THE FORMATION OF TYROSINE.

A
  • TYROSINE IS SYNTHESISED FROM THE PHENYLALANINE.
  • IN ORDER TO FORM PHENYLALANINE, OXYGEN AS WELL AS TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN SHOULD BE PRESENT AS THEIR COFACTOR.
  • TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN IS DERIVED FROM THE DIHYDROBIOPTERIN WHICH REQUIRE NADPH.
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15
Q

STATE THE FATE OF HOMOCYSTEINE.

A
  1. REGENERATE METHIONINE
  2. FORMED CYSTEINE
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16
Q

AS THE AMOUNT OF HOMOCYSTEINE INCREASESE, THE RISK OF CVS DISEASES IS _____.

A

INCREASES

17
Q

HOW TO REDUCE THE LEVEL OF HOMOCYSTEINE?

A

ADD VITAMIN B6, VITAMIN B12 AND DIETARY FOLATE IN YOUR DIET

BIOMOLECULAR (17 decks)

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