Biostats Flashcards
1
Q
What is incidence?
A
- Number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specified time period in a population at risk for developing the disease
- Denominator must be relevant to those at risk (ex. only females for uterine cancer)
2
Q
What is prevalence?
A
- Number of affected persons in the population at a specific time divided by number of persons in the population at that time
- Does not take into account the duration of the disease
3
Q
What is period prevalence?
A
- How many people have the disease at any time during a specified period (year, decade, month)
- Some people may have developed the disease during the period
- Every person in the numerator has/had the disease at some point during the specified period
4
Q
What is point prevalence vs period prevalence?
A
- Do you CURRENTLY have asthma?
vs - Have you had asthma during the last 5 years?
5
Q
Problems establishing the numerator
A
- Defining the disease: differing criteria, dementia
- Who should be included in the numerator? (how do we find cases)
6
Q
Problems establishing the denominator
A
- Undercounting of population: under-representation of certain populations during census
- Differences based on ethnicity: language, country of origin, heritage, parental ethnic group
- Inclusion of persons not at risk for disease: should women with hysterectomies be included when calculating incidence of uterine cancer?
7
Q
What is the crude mortality rate?
A
Occurrence of death in the entire population
8
Q
What is the cause-specific mortality rate?
A
Occurrence of death from a specific cause
9
Q
What is the age-specific mortality rate?
A
Occurrence of death in a specific age group
10
Q
What is the proportional mortality ratio?
A
Deaths from a specific cause compared to total deaths
11
Q
What is the case fatality rate?
A
Number of deaths from a specific disease compared to number of cases of the disease
