Biopyschology

Question 1

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) made up of?

Answer 1

Brain & spinal cord

Question 2

What is the main function of the brain?

Answer 2

Control center for conscious awareness

Question 3

What role does the spinal cord play in the nervous system?

Answer 3

Transmits messages between the brain and the rest of the body; involved in reflex actions

Question 4

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) do?

Answer 4

Sends information to/from the CNS

Question 5

What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 5

Controls voluntary muscle movement & sensory receptors

Question 6

What processes does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

Answer 6

Involuntary processes (e.g., heart rate)

Question 7

What is the primary function of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Answer 7

“Fight or flight” response (e.g., increased heart rate, dilated pupils)

Question 8

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System regulate?

Answer 8

“Rest and digest” (e.g., slowed heart rate, digestion resumes)

Question 9

What is the Endocrine System?

Answer 9

A system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 10

What is the role of the pituitary gland?

Answer 10

“Master gland” that regulates other glands

Question 11

What does the adrenal gland produce?

Answer 11

Adrenaline for fight-or-flight response

Question 12

What hormone does the thyroid gland release?

Answer 12

Thyroxine, which affects metabolism and heart rate

Question 13

What triggers the fight-or-flight response?

Answer 13

Stressor perceived → Hypothalamus activates the Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 14

What happens when the adrenal medulla releases adrenaline?

Answer 14

Physiological changes occur: increased heart rate, faster breathing, dilated pupils, inhibited digestion

Question 15

How does the Parasympathetic Nervous System respond after a stressor passes?

Answer 15

Restores balance

Question 16

What are neurons?

Answer 16

Nerve cells that transmit electrical & chemical signals

Question 17

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 17

Carry messages from receptors to CNS

Question 18

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 18

Carry messages from CNS to muscles/glands

Question 19

What are relay neurons responsible for?

Answer 19

Connect sensory & motor neurons (within CNS)

Question 20

What occurs during synaptic transmission?

Answer 20

Electrical impulse travels down axon to presynaptic terminal

Question 21

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters?

Answer 21

Electrical impulse reaching presynaptic terminal

Question 22

What happens to neurotransmitters after they bind to receptors?

Answer 22

They trigger a new electrical impulse in the postsynaptic neuron

Question 23

What are the two fates of leftover neurotransmitters?

Answer 23

• Reabsorbed (reuptake)
• Broken down by enzymes

Question 24

What do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

Answer 24

Make a neuron more likely to fire

Question 25

What effect do inhibitory neurotransmitters have?

Answer 25

Make a neuron less likely to fire

Question 26

Fill in the blank: _______ neurotransmitters make a neuron more likely to fire.

Answer 26

Excitatory

Question 27

Fill in the blank: _______ neurotransmitters make a neuron less likely to fire.

Answer 27

Inhibitory