Biopsychosocial & Person In Environment Theory Flashcards
To understand what influences human development & behavior, social workers use a ___________ _________ that emphasizes three basic dimensions _____________, ____________, & ____________. These dimensions are conceptualized as a ___________ ____ ______________ ______________.
Multidimensional framework
Biophysical, psychological, & social
System of biopsychosocial functioning
The biophysical dimension is concerned with all the ____________ & ___________ factors that influence human development & behavior.
Biological & physiological
The biophysical dimension consists of ______________ _________ & ______________ from the ___________ ______ to ________ _______, ____________ __________ (___________ ________), and ___________ __________ (_____).
Biophysical growth & development
Prenatal period to old age, biophysical strengths (protective factors), and biophysical hazards (risks)
The psychological dimension is concerned with ____________ _______ that influence a person’s ability to _________ his ______ over the lifespan.
psychological functions
satisfy his needs
The psychological dimension consists of _______ _______ ______, _______ _______, _________ ________ & ________ ________, ________, __________, _________, and ____-_____, _______ & _______, ________ ________, ________ _________, ________ _______ (______ _____), and ______ ______ (_____).
early emotional bonding, basic temperament, cognitive development & information processing, communication, personality, identity, and self-concept, emotions and attitudes, social regulation, moral development, psychological strengths (protective factors), and psychological hazards (risks)
The social dimension consists of ______, _______ ______, and the various groups such as _______, _______, & _____ _______ (____, ______, _______-_____ _______, ________ _______, etc) that a person interacts with over his lifetime.
family, social supports,
communities, organizations, & social institutions (church, school, health-care providers, welfare services)
The social dimension also includes ______ & _________ considerations, _______ ________ (protective factors), and ______ _______(risks).
gender & multicultural
social strengths
social hazards
The _________ ________ assumes no single factor is solely responsible for causing a person’s behavioral responses.
biopsychosocial interaction
True or false
Human Behavior is the result of interactions between a person and his environment.
True
Interactions between a person and his environment can be assessed using two perspectives:
___________ perspective & ________ Perspective
developmental perspective
current perspective
Developmental perspective focuses on how _______, ________, and _________ ________ have interacted in ________ up to how things are currently.
biological, psychological & social systems
leading
The current perspective examines how _______, ________, & _____ systems are ________ interacting to influence how things are _______.
biological, psychological, & social systems
presently
currently
______ refer to physical, psychological, economic, cultural, and social requirements for ________, _________, and _____-______. As such ______ encompass all dimensions of a person’s life, including biophysical, psychological, and social.
Needs
survival, fulfillment, & well-being
Needs
Name the 4 categories of Needs:
Normative Needs
Perceived Needs
Expressed Needs
Relative Needs
Normative needs includes what a person requires in order to attain a level of ____-_____ that meets the _______ standards of community or culture.
well-being
established
Perceived Needs include the requirements that individuals _______ they must have in order to achieve an ______ level of well-being.
believe
acceptable
Expressed need is an indication of the _______ to which a need exists and the ______ of people who perceive themselves to have that need as demonstrated by specific factors such as how many people apply for a service.
degree
number
Relative needs describe the ________ that people must have in order to attain an _________ level of well-being as compared to other people’s ________.
Requirements
acceptable
requirements
The term ________ ______ is often used when discussing gaps between needs and services or differences in the availability of services to different groups of people in need.
Relative needs
The term ______ ______ refers to items that are considered to be __________ for the maintenance of a person’s well-being.
Basic needs
essential
Basic needs include what 7 items
Adequate food, clean water, shelter, clothing, heating, fuel, and security from bodily harm.
Basic Human Attachments refers to what 7 critical attachments (or needs)
- physical supplies necessary to life (oxygen, food)
- sense of personal identity
- a mutually supportive and close relationship with at least one other person
- Membership in at least one group that accepts us
- One or more roles that promote a sense of self-respect and allow us to perform with dignity
- Financial security or a way of engaging in an exchange of the goods and services we need and value.
- A system of meeting or set of values that helps us to determine our goals and understand ourselves and the world.
Maslow’s needs hierarchy can be used to _____ & ______ the needs of individuals and assess the adequacy o services.
rank & evaluate
Maslow’s needs hierarchy moves from the ________ level of _____ _____ needs to the _________ level of ______-_________ needs.
lowest; basic survival needs
highest; self-actualization needs
List Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy from lowest to highest level
Survival and physiological needs Safety and security needs Social (Belonging) needs Esteem (ego) needs Self-actualization needs
Maslow’s lowest level of needs is ________ & ________ and consists of what 4 items?
Survival & Physiological needs
food, clothing, shelter, medical care
Maslow’s 2nd level of needs hierarchy is ________ & _______ needs. It involves:
Safety & Security
protection from harm and violence
Maslow’s 3rd level of needs is _______ (______) needs and includes:
Social (belonging)
opportunity to interact in a positive environment
Maslow’s 4th level of need is ________ (___) needs and includes:
Esteem (ego) needs
opportunity to build self-respect and achieve personal dignity
Maslow’s 5th level of need is ____-_____ and includes:
Self-actualization
opportunity for lifelong education and self-improvement
According to Maslow, _____ level needs must always be addressed before an individual can move to the ____ level. They (_____ level) needs usually require a more _______ response and have a ______ urgency.
lower
next
lower-level;
immediate; higher
The biopsychosocial perspective is concerned with the balance of _____ and ________ _______ that interact to determine a person’s tendency toward a resilience.
risks; protective factors
____ are hazards in the person or the environment that increase the likelihood of a problem occurring.
Risks
Examples of risks include what 3 factors?
genetic predisposition for a mental disorder
insecure attachment pattern
living in poverty
_______ _____ that coexist with risks are personal, social, and institutional factors that promote personal competence and successful development and, therefore, decrease the likelihood of a problem occurring.
Protective factors
Examples of protective factors include what 3 factors?
adequate prenatal care, active coping mechanisms, and low family stress
_______ refers to a person’s ability to function adaptively despite exposure to risks.
Resilience
Family risk factors refers to
the number of risk factors that a baby is exposed to. The greater the number of exposed risks the greater the risk for negative outcomes.
Rutter’s indicators focus on _______ risk factors. They include what 5 factors?
Family
severe marital discord; low socioeconomic status (SES), overcrowding or large family size, parental criminality, maternal psychopathology, and placement of the child outside the home.
Werner & Smith (1982, 1993) found that positive outcomes for high-risk babies are more likely when they have what 3 factors?
- experience fewer stressors at birth (poverty, family instability, maternal health problems)
- have an easy temperament characterized by a high degree of social responsivity, good communication skills, & consistent eating & sleeping patterns.
- are provided with stable support from a parent or other caregiver
The findings of studies like Werner & Smith and others suggest that high-risk children can demonstrate ______ and that the negative effects of prenatal and perinatal stress are not always _____
resilience
irreversible
Factors contributing to _______ _____ ______ include positive and nurturant relationships with others including parents, an easy temperament and a positive outlook on the future, an internal locus of control and good self-regulation, an active coping style, good social skills and social support, good cognitive skills (problem-solving abilities) and intellectual abilities, and outside activities and hobbies.
Adolescent stress resistance
_______-__-_______ theory assumes that human problems have their roots in both individual client factors and situational factors and that understanding and treating human problems requires a dual focus on the individual and environmental factors.
Person-in-environment (PIE) or Person-in-situation
The PIE system also relies on concepts associated with ________ in mental health, including a concern for precipitating factors and an emphasis on addressing problems in the environment during intervention.
Prevention
