Biopsychosocial & Person In Environment Theory

Question 1

To understand what influences human development & behavior, social workers use a ___________ _________ that emphasizes three basic dimensions _____________, ____________, & ____________. These dimensions are conceptualized as a ___________ ____ ______________ ______________.

Answer 1

Multidimensional framework
Biophysical, psychological, & social
System of biopsychosocial functioning

Question 2

The biophysical dimension is concerned with all the ____________ & ___________ factors that influence human development & behavior.

Answer 2

Biological & physiological

Question 3

The biophysical dimension consists of ______________ _________ & ______________ from the ___________ ______ to ________ _______, ____________ __________ (___________ ________), and ___________ __________ (_____).

Answer 3

Biophysical growth & development

Prenatal period to old age, biophysical strengths (protective factors), and biophysical hazards (risks)

Question 4

The psychological dimension is concerned with ____________ _______ that influence a person’s ability to _________ his ______ over the lifespan.

Answer 4

psychological functions

satisfy his needs

Question 5

The psychological dimension consists of _______ _______ ______, _______ _______, _________ ________ & ________ ________, ________, __________, _________, and ____-_____, _______ & _______, ________ ________, ________ _________, ________ _______ (______ _____), and ______ ______ (_____).

Answer 5

early emotional bonding, basic temperament, cognitive development & information processing, communication, personality, identity, and self-concept, emotions and attitudes, social regulation, moral development, psychological strengths (protective factors), and psychological hazards (risks)

Question 6

The social dimension consists of ______, _______ ______, and the various groups such as _______, _______, & _____ _______ (____, ______, _______-_____ _______, ________ _______, etc) that a person interacts with over his lifetime.

Answer 6

family, social supports,

communities, organizations, & social institutions (church, school, health-care providers, welfare services)

Question 7

The social dimension also includes ______ & _________ considerations, _______ ________ (protective factors), and ______ _______(risks).

Answer 7

gender & multicultural
social strengths
social hazards

Question 8

The _________ ________ assumes no single factor is solely responsible for causing a person’s behavioral responses.

Answer 8

biopsychosocial interaction

Question 9

True or false

Human Behavior is the result of interactions between a person and his environment.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Interactions between a person and his environment can be assessed using two perspectives:
___________ perspective & ________ Perspective

Answer 10

developmental perspective

current perspective

Question 11

Developmental perspective focuses on how _______, ________, and _________ ________ have interacted in ________ up to how things are currently.

Answer 11

biological, psychological & social systems

leading

Question 12

The current perspective examines how _______, ________, & _____ systems are ________ interacting to influence how things are _______.

Answer 12

biological, psychological, & social systems
presently
currently

Question 13

______ refer to physical, psychological, economic, cultural, and social requirements for ________, _________, and _____-______. As such ______ encompass all dimensions of a person’s life, including biophysical, psychological, and social.

Answer 13

Needs
survival, fulfillment, & well-being
Needs

Question 14

Name the 4 categories of Needs:

Answer 14

Normative Needs
Perceived Needs
Expressed Needs
Relative Needs

Question 15

Normative needs includes what a person requires in order to attain a level of ____-_____ that meets the _______ standards of community or culture.

Answer 15

well-being

established

Question 16

Perceived Needs include the requirements that individuals _______ they must have in order to achieve an ______ level of well-being.

Answer 16

believe

acceptable

Question 17

Expressed need is an indication of the _______ to which a need exists and the ______ of people who perceive themselves to have that need as demonstrated by specific factors such as how many people apply for a service.

Answer 17

degree

number

Question 18

Relative needs describe the ________ that people must have in order to attain an _________ level of well-being as compared to other people’s ________.

Answer 18

Requirements
acceptable
requirements

Question 19

The term ________ ______ is often used when discussing gaps between needs and services or differences in the availability of services to different groups of people in need.

Answer 19

Relative needs

Question 20

The term ______ ______ refers to items that are considered to be __________ for the maintenance of a person’s well-being.

Answer 20

Basic needs

essential

Question 21

Basic needs include what 7 items

Answer 21

Adequate food, clean water, shelter, clothing, heating, fuel, and security from bodily harm.

Question 22

Basic Human Attachments refers to what 7 critical attachments (or needs)

Answer 22

1. physical supplies necessary to life (oxygen, food)
2. sense of personal identity
3. a mutually supportive and close relationship with at least one other person
4. Membership in at least one group that accepts us
5. One or more roles that promote a sense of self-respect and allow us to perform with dignity
6. Financial security or a way of engaging in an exchange of the goods and services we need and value.
7. A system of meeting or set of values that helps us to determine our goals and understand ourselves and the world.

Question 23

Maslow’s needs hierarchy can be used to _____ & ______ the needs of individuals and assess the adequacy o services.

Answer 23

rank & evaluate

Question 24

Maslow’s needs hierarchy moves from the ________ level of _____ _____ needs to the _________ level of ______-_________ needs.

Answer 24

lowest; basic survival needs

highest; self-actualization needs

Question 25

List Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy from lowest to highest level

Answer 25

Survival and physiological needs
Safety and security needs
Social (Belonging) needs
Esteem (ego) needs
Self-actualization needs

Question 26

Maslow’s lowest level of needs is ________ & ________ and consists of what 4 items?

Answer 26

Survival & Physiological needs

food, clothing, shelter, medical care

Question 27

Maslow’s 2nd level of needs hierarchy is ________ & _______ needs. It involves:

Answer 27

Safety & Security

protection from harm and violence

Question 28

Maslow’s 3rd level of needs is _______ (______) needs and includes:

Answer 28

Social (belonging)

opportunity to interact in a positive environment

Question 29

Maslow’s 4th level of need is ________ (___) needs and includes:

Answer 29

Esteem (ego) needs

opportunity to build self-respect and achieve personal dignity

Question 30

Maslow’s 5th level of need is ____-_____ and includes:

Answer 30

Self-actualization

opportunity for lifelong education and self-improvement

Question 31

According to Maslow, _____ level needs must always be addressed before an individual can move to the ____ level. They (_____ level) needs usually require a more _______ response and have a ______ urgency.

Answer 31

lower
next
lower-level;
immediate; higher

Question 32

The biopsychosocial perspective is concerned with the balance of _____ and ________ _______ that interact to determine a person’s tendency toward a resilience.

Answer 32

risks; protective factors

Question 33

____ are hazards in the person or the environment that increase the likelihood of a problem occurring.

Answer 33

Risks

Question 34

Examples of risks include what 3 factors?

Answer 34

genetic predisposition for a mental disorder
insecure attachment pattern
living in poverty

Question 35

_______ _____ that coexist with risks are personal, social, and institutional factors that promote personal competence and successful development and, therefore, decrease the likelihood of a problem occurring.

Answer 35

Protective factors

Question 36

Examples of protective factors include what 3 factors?

Answer 36

adequate prenatal care, active coping mechanisms, and low family stress

Question 37

_______ refers to a person’s ability to function adaptively despite exposure to risks.

Answer 37

Resilience

Question 38

Family risk factors refers to

Answer 38

the number of risk factors that a baby is exposed to. The greater the number of exposed risks the greater the risk for negative outcomes.

Question 39

Rutter’s indicators focus on _______ risk factors. They include what 5 factors?

Answer 39

Family
severe marital discord; low socioeconomic status (SES), overcrowding or large family size, parental criminality, maternal psychopathology, and placement of the child outside the home.

Question 40

Werner & Smith (1982, 1993) found that positive outcomes for high-risk babies are more likely when they have what 3 factors?

Answer 40

1. experience fewer stressors at birth (poverty, family instability, maternal health problems)
2. have an easy temperament characterized by a high degree of social responsivity, good communication skills, & consistent eating & sleeping patterns.
3. are provided with stable support from a parent or other caregiver

Question 41

The findings of studies like Werner & Smith and others suggest that high-risk children can demonstrate ______ and that the negative effects of prenatal and perinatal stress are not always _____

Answer 41

resilience

irreversible

Question 42

Factors contributing to _______ _____ ______ include positive and nurturant relationships with others including parents, an easy temperament and a positive outlook on the future, an internal locus of control and good self-regulation, an active coping style, good social skills and social support, good cognitive skills (problem-solving abilities) and intellectual abilities, and outside activities and hobbies.

Answer 42

Adolescent stress resistance

Question 43

_______-__-_______ theory assumes that human problems have their roots in both individual client factors and situational factors and that understanding and treating human problems requires a dual focus on the individual and environmental factors.

Answer 43

Person-in-environment (PIE) or Person-in-situation

Question 44

The PIE system also relies on concepts associated with ________ in mental health, including a concern for precipitating factors and an emphasis on addressing problems in the environment during intervention.

Answer 44

Prevention