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Psychology A level > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system

A

made up of neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. it has 2 separate systems (autonomic and somatic)

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2
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

controls unconscious activities eg digestion and has 2 divisions with opposite effects on the body (sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

controls conscious activities eg running and playing video games

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4
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system

A

gets the body ready for action (fight or flight system)

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5
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms the body down (rest and digest system)

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6
Q

what is the function of the myelin sheath

A

insulates the axon to speed up nervous transmission

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7
Q

what is the order of the transmission of information to and from the CNS

A

stimulus- receptors- CNS (sensory/ relay/ motor) - effectors - response

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8
Q

how are reflexes so fast and automatic

A

they bypass the conscious brain and go through the spinal cord or the unconscious part of the brain

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9
Q

what happens when an electrical impulse reaches the end of a neuron

A

neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft which diffuse across the postsynaptic membrane and bind to specific receptors

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10
Q

what is done to ensure neurotransmitters don’t continually diffuse and cause responses

A

they’re taken back into the presynaptic neuron or broken down by enzymes

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11
Q

what is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

excitatory increase the likelihood of an electrical impulse being triggered in the postsynaptic neuron but inhibitory decreases the likelihood

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12
Q

what is the role of acetylcholine

A

(excitatory) involved in voluntary movement, memory, learning and sleep. too much = depression, too little = dementia

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13
Q

what is the role of noradrenaline

A

associated with fight or flight response. too much = schizophrenia, too little = depression

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14
Q

what is the role of dopamine

A

helps with movement, attention and learning. too much = schizophrenia, too little = depression and parkinsons

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15
Q

what is the role or serotonin

A

involved in emotion, mood, sleeping and eating. too little =depression

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16
Q

what is the role of GABA

A

(inhibitory) too much = anxiety

17
Q

define synpase

A

the junction between a neuron and another neuron or between a neuron and an effector cell

18
Q

hypothalamus

A

produces hormones to control pituitary gland

19
Q

pituitary gland

A

known as the master gland as it releases hormones to control other glands in the endocrine system

20
Q

pineal gland

A

responsible for the production of melatonin which plays a role in controlling sleep patterns

21
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces thyroxine and controls body’s metabolic rate as well as regulating growth and maturation

22
Q

parathyroid gland

A

produces the parathyroid hormone helps control levels of minerals eg calcium in the body

23
Q

thymus gland

A

regulates immune system

24
Q

adrenal gland

A

produces adrenaline. responsible for fight or flight

25
Q

pancreas

A

releases hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar levels

26
Q

gonads (ovaries and testes)

A

produces testosterone and oestrogen- important in reproduction and development of sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics

27
Q

how is the fight / flight response activated

A

hypothalamus triggers activity in the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system this stimulates the adrenal medulla within the adrenal glands which releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream

28
Q

how does the fight or flight impact the body

A

1) blood pressure and heart rate increase to get blood to areas of the body its needed for
2) digestion decreases
3) muscles tense so body is more physically responsive
4) perspiration increases so body can cool down
5) breathing rate increases
6) pupil size increases- allows more light in
7) salivation decreases

29
Q

what does the motor cortex control

A

voluntary movement

30
Q

what does broca’s area control

A

responsible for the production of speech

31
Q

auditory cortex

A

processes information from our ears

32
Q

wernicke’s area

A

responsible for the understanding of language

33
Q

visual cortex

A

processes info from our ears

34
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

processes info about touch, pain, temperature and proprioception (body position)

35
Q

how are the 2 hemispheres of the brain connected

A

by the corpus callosum

Psychology A level (9 decks)

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