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ALevel Psychology - AQA > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 language areas?

A

Broca’s Area and Wernicke’s Area

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2
Q

What is Broca’s area involved in?

A

Language production

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3
Q

What is Wernicke’s area involved in?

A

Processing language

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4
Q

What is plasticity?

A

The brain’s tendency to change and adapt as a result of experience and learning by growing new connections

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5
Q

What is synaptic pruning?

A

Where connections are lost due to lack of use

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6
Q

What is synaptic bridging?

A

Where new connections are created due to use and new stimulus

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7
Q

What is a weakness of plasticity?

A

Negative plasticity - May have negative consequences on later life

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8
Q

What is a strength of plasticity?

A

Age and plasticity - Brain plasticity may be a life-long ability

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9
Q

What is functional recovery?

A

The ability to redistribute or transfer functions usually preformed by a damaged area to an undamaged area after trauma

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10
Q

What are the 3 structural changes to the brain in functional recovery?

A

Axonal sprouting, denervation supersensitivity and recruitment of homologous areas

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11
Q

What is axonal sprouting in functional recovery?

A

The growth of new nerve endings which connect with other undamaged nerve cells to form new neuronal pathways

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12
Q

What is denervation supersensitivity in functional recovery?

A

When axons that do a similar job become aroused to a higher level to compensate for the ones that are lost

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13
Q

What is recruitment of homologous areas in functional recovery?

A

Similar areas on opposite sides of the brain take over

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14
Q

What is a strength of functional recovery?

A

Real-world application - Constraint induced movement therapy is used with stroke patients

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15
Q

What is a weakness of functional recovery?

A

Cognitive reserve - Level of education may influence recovery rates

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16
Q

What is hemispheric lateralisation?

A

The assumption that the 2 hemispheres of the brain function differently

17
Q

What is a strength of lateralisation?

A

Lateralisation in the connected brain - when people with connected brains were asked to look at an image as a whole, the RH was more active and when looking at the details, the LH was more active

18
Q

What is a weakness of lateralisation?

A

One brain - there is no dominant side to the brain

19
Q

What does the visual centre do?

A

Process visual information

20
Q

What does the auditory centre do?

A

Process audial information

21
Q

What does the motor cortex do?

A

Controls conscious movement

22
Q

What does the somatosensory cortex do?

A

Detects sensory events like touch

23
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Controls the CNS and the PNS through electrical signals

24
Q

What is the CNS?

A

(Central nervous system) consists of the brain and the spinal cord, origin of all complex commands and decisions

25
Q

What is the PNS?

A

(Peripheral nervous system) Sends information to the CNS from the outside world, transmits messages from the CNS to muscles and glands

26
Q

What is the SNS?

A

(Somatic nervous system) Transmits information from receptor cells in the sense organs to the CNS, receives information from the CNS that directs muscles to act

27
Q

What is the ANS?

A

(Autonomic nervous system) Transmits information to and form internal bodily organs, operates involuntarily, 2 main divisions : sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

28
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

29
Q

What are sensory neurons?

A

Carry messages from the PNS to the CNS, have long dendrites and short axons

30
Q

What are relay neurons?

A

Connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons, short dendrites and short axons

31
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

Connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands, short dendrites and long axons

ALevel Psychology - AQA (7 decks)

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