Approaches Flashcards
What are the assumptions of The Behaviourist Approach?
- Observable behaviour is all that needs to be studied
- Basic processes are the same in all species
What are the subsections of The Behaviourist Approach?
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
What’s the evaluation of The Behaviourist Approach?
+ Well-controlled research : Behaviour broken down into stimulus-response units
+ Real-world application : Token economy systems
- Environmental determinism : All behaviour influences by past experience, no free will
What are the assumptions of Social Learning Theory?
- Behaviour is learnt from experience
- Learnt through observation and imitation of others
What are the subsections of Social Learning Theory
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Mediational Processes
- Identification
What’s the evaluation of Social Learning Theory?
+ Cognitive Factors : Comprehensive account of learning
- Contrived lab studies : Demand characteristics
+ Real-world application : SLT can account for development of cultural differences
What are the mediational processes?
Attention, retention, motor reproduction and motivation
What is Identification?
When someone is more likely to imitate role models they identify with
What are the assumptions of the Cognitive Approach?
- Internal mental processes can be studied through inference
What are the subsections of The Cognitive Approach?
- The role of Schema
- Theoretical and Computer Models
- Emergence of cognitive neuroscience
What’s the evaluation of the Cognitive Approach?
+ Scientific methods : Produce objective data
+ Real-world application : Applies to AI, depression and EWT
- Machine reductionism : We are not machines
+ Soft determinism : Middle-ground
What are assumptions of the Biological Approach?
- The mind and body are one in the same
What are the subsections of The Biological Approach?
- Neurochemical basis of behaviour
- Genetic basis of behaviour
- Genotype and Phenotype
- Evolution and Behaviour
What’s the evaluation of The Biological Approach?
+ Real-world application : Development of psychoactive drugs
+ Scientific methods : Objective methods
- Biological determinism : Behaviour is governed by genetics, oversimplification
What are the assumptions of the Psychodynamic Approach?
- The conscious mind is the ‘tip of the iceberg’
