Biopsychology Flashcards
What is in the CNS?
The brain and the spinal cord.
What does the peripheral nervous system do?
Relays nerve impulses from CNS to rest of body.
What’s in the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic and autonomic nervous system.
What does the somatic nervous system do?
Maintains communication between CNS and environment. Has sensory receptors and motor pathways.
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Involved in homeostasis, has motor pathways and also the SNS and PNS.
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Prepares the body for fight or flight, so increases heart rate and slows digestion for example.
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
Relaxes the body as it returns to homeostasis, slows/reinstates processes.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic work…
Antagonistically.
What is in the endocrine system?
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Adrenal medulla and cortex
Ovaries
Testes
Pineal gland produces…
Melatonin.
What does the hypothalamus do?
Stimulates and controls release of hormones from pituitary.
What does the pituitary gland do.
Acts as the master gland of release of hormones.
The thyroid gland releases…
Thyroxine.
(Regulates metabolism)
Adrenal medulla releases…
Adrenaline.
Adrenal cortex releases…
Cortisol.
What do the ovaries do?
Release oestrogen, are responsible for female puberty and reproduction.
What do the testes do?
Release testosterone, responsible for male puberty and development.
How does the endocrine work with the ANS in the fight or flight response?
- Hypothalamus detects stressor, instructing ANS.
- ANS gets medulla to release adrenaline.
- Physiological changes.
- After threat, PNS returns body to homeostasis.
Endocrine response in f or f?
- Hypothalamus- CRF
- Pituitary gland-ACTH
- Adrenal cortex= cortisol.
Sensory neurons?
- mainly in peripheral.
- first in reflex arc.
- long dendrites, small axons
Relay neurons?
- stay in nervous system.
- second in reflex arc.
- short dendrites, short axons.
Motor neurons?
- mainly in peripheral.
- third in reflex arc.
- short dendrites, long axons.
What do myelin sheath do?
Protect axon by insulation and speed up the electrical impulse.
What do nodes of ranvier do?
Speed up transmission of impulse.
Parts of a neuron…
Axon
Axon terminals
Dendrites
Nucleus
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Electric synaptic transmission?
- Neuron is firstly negative in a resting state.
- Neuron is activated and made positive for split second.
- Causing action potential, so impulse travels down axon to axon terminals.
Chemical synaptic transmission?
- Action potential arrives in pre synaptic neuron of synapse.
- Vesicles release neurotransmitters into synaptic gap.
- These diffuse and bind to receptors on post synaptic neuron, causing action potential.
- Neurotransmitter is reabsorbed bis reuptake.
- Excitation, summation, inhibition.
Excitation is a … charge … chance of impulse?
Positive,
Increasing.
Inhibition is a … charge … chance of impulse?
Negative,
Decreasing.
Summation is a … response?
All or nothing.
The motor cortex?
- frontal lobe of both.
- controls opposite side movements.
- damage= paralysis.
Broca’s area?
- left frontal lobe.
- speech production.
- damage= lack fluency (B aphasia)
Wernicke’s area?
- left temporal lobe.
- language understanding.
- damage= unreal words but fluent (W aphasia)
Auditory area?
- temporal lobes.
- sound
- damage= hearing loss and unable to comprehend language.
Visual cortex?
- both occipital lobe.
- RVF to LVC and LVF to RVC.
- damage= blindness.
Somata sensory area?
- both parietal lobes.
- processing of sensory info through skin.
- some areas more sensitive.
- separate from motor areas by central culcus.