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Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards > Aggression > Flashcards

Aggression Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Parts of the limbic system?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • fornix
  • cingulate gurus
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2
Q

What is the amygdalas role?

A

Controls emotion, heightened response has been shown on FMRI scans in aggression.

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3
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

A subcortical structure that deals with emotional behaviour such as aggression.

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4
Q

… levels of serotonin cause aggression?

A

Decreased.

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5
Q

What is serotonin responsible for?

A

Self control.

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6
Q

Neural evaluations?

A

(+) proof that serotonin drugs do work, Berman study.
(-) limbic system isn’t alone

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7
Q

… levels of testosterone cause aggression?

A

Increased.

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8
Q

What limits male aggression?

A

Castration.

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9
Q

… levels of progesterone cause female aggression?

A

Low.

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10
Q

When are women most aggressive?

A

During menstrual cycle.

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11
Q

Hormone evaluations?

A

(+) animal research, Giammanco monkey study.
(-) human cognitive abilities.
(-) animal studies issues.
(-) gender bias.

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12
Q

Twin studies concordance rate for aggression?

A

( Coccaro research on assault)
Mz twins= 50% Dz twins= 19%

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13
Q

Why are adoption studies good?

A

Can separate nature and nurture.

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14
Q

What does MAOA stand for?

A

Monoamine oxidase A gene
(Warrior gene.)

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15
Q

Low activity MAOA causes?

A

Deficiency of seotonin, causing aggression.

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16
Q

Whose study supports MAOA gene?

A

Brunner Dutch men study.

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17
Q

How does the diathesis stress model explain aggression?

A

Genetic predisposition= MAOA
Trigger= trauma in first 15 years

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18
Q

Evaluations of genetic?

A

(+) accounts for both genders.
(-) reductionist.
(-) unclear serotonin link, faulty levels.
(-) twin study issues.

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19
Q

What does the ethological approach say aggression is?

A
  • an innate instinct.
  • doesn’t need to be linked.
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20
Q

What are adaptive benefits of aggression?

A

Expansion of territories and status/control.

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21
Q

What are appeasement displays?

A

Series of behaviours carried out in the same order which indicate vulnerability, prevent killing.

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22
Q

What’s an innate releasing mechanism?

A

A physiological process like a network on neurons in the brain.

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23
Q

What are fixed action patterns?

A

A sequence of stereotyped behaviours triggered by IRM. Three features: universal, unaffected by learning and single purpose.

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24
Q

Whose study supports IRM for ritualistic aggression?

A

Trinbergen stickle back study in mating season.

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25
Ethological evaluations:
(+) Brunner support (+) Trinbergen support (-) not always ritualised, Tanzania monkeys (-) biological reductionism
26
What does adaptive mean?
Something that enhances survival/reproduction.
27
What does the evolutionary explanation say about aggression?
It must be adaptive as it has survived natural selection.
28
What causes male aggression?
Sexual jealousy.
29
What is cuckoldry?
A man’s fear of raising another man’s child, not passing on own genes and using own resources.
30
Daly and Wilson say men use … to stop their partner leaving?
Mate retention strategies.
31
Examples of mate retention strategies?
- vigilance - direct guarding - negative inducements
32
How is bullying positive for males?
Helps them be at top of dominance hierarchy and have first access to resources.
33
Why do women use bullying?
To secure fedility and have control.
34
Evaluations of evolutionary?
(+) RWA of Clare’s law (+) accounts gender differences (-) cultural differences (-) determinism
35
Who came up with the frustration aggression hypothesis?
Dollard.
36
Outline frustration aggression hypothesis?
1. Inability 2. Frustration 3. Aggression 4. Aggression drive 5. Catharsis (sublimation or displacement)
37
What is sublimation?
Expressing aggression in a more socially acceptable way.
38
What is displacement?
A defense mechanism where aggression is expressed against something else.
39
What study assessed frustration aggression?
Geen’s jigsaw study.
40
Who investigated the role of environmental cues on aggression?
Berkowitz.
41
Evaluations of FAH:
(+) RWA open carrying gun laws. (-) aggression not cathartic (-) simple
42
How does SLT say we learn aggression?
Indirectly through observation, modelling, identification and VR.
43
How does the bobo doll study explain the children’s aggression?
The ones who saw a positive response were the most aggressive.
44
ARRM?
Attention Retention Reproduction Motivation
45
What is self efficacy?
Self confidence and faith of succession, to carry out aggressive act.
46
SLT evaluations?
(+) increased aggression after boxing (+) cultural differences (-) doesn’t explain all aggression (-) demand characteristics in bobo doll study
47
What is deindividuation?
When personal identity is lost in a group, gaining the social group’s identity.
48
What did zimbardo say about deindividuation?
We behave in an irrational and emotional way against social norms, usually performing aggressive behaviour.
49
What factors increase the likelihood of aggression?
Darkness, alcohol, drugs, masks and uniforms.
50
What is public self awareness?
How much we care about what others think, reduced in a crowd due to anonymity.
51
What is private self awareness?
How we pay attention to our own feelings and behaviour, reduced in a group due to diverged attention.
52
What was Dodd’s study?
Asking p’s ‘what would you do if you couldn’t be detected?’ Most people said something antisocial or criminal.
53
Deinidividiation evaluations?
(+) zimbardo replication of milgrams study with coats. (+) cultural differences, men changing appearance for war. (-) gender differences, not generalised to women. (-) not always aggression, Gergen deviance in the dark study.
54
What is the importation model?
Dispositional explanation, says prisoners bring violence either then (genetic or learnt.)
55
What study supports importation model?
Delisi on cali juvenile offenders, had violent backgrounds.
56
Evaluations of importation?
(+) camp and gaes research on prison security types. (-) deterministic.
57
What is the deprivation model?
Situational explanation, the prison environment causes the behaviour.
58
What did steiner find about inmate violence?
It was higher in prisons with more female staff, overcrowding and protective custody.
59
Deprivation evaluations?
(+) Cunningham found most arguments were over resources. (-) refuting research from camp and gaes.
60
How does excessive TV cause aggression?
Causes poor social and educational development in adulthood (Robertson)
61
How does violent film content cause aggression?
Seen in Bandura’s bobo doll study.
62
How do computer games cause aggression?
Taylor’s competitive time task with electric shocks, showed how people chose higher if playing violent games like mortal combat.
63
Media evaluations:
(+) RWA, age ratings. (+) SLT’s VR. (-) deterministic.
64
What is desensitisation?
Reduced sensitivity to a stimulus making aggression more likely (media exposure)
65
What is disinhibition?
A lack of restraint due to over exposure, seen with children and cartoons.
66
What is cognitive priming?
The way a person is triggered by cues and schemes which cause a response, such as violent films and derogatory music.

Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards (6 decks)

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