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Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards > Aggression > Flashcards

Aggression Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of the limbic system?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • amygdala
  • hippocampus
  • fornix
  • cingulate gurus
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2
Q

What is the amygdalas role?

A

Controls emotion, heightened response has been shown on FMRI scans in aggression.

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3
Q

What does the limbic system do?

A

A subcortical structure that deals with emotional behaviour such as aggression.

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4
Q

… levels of serotonin cause aggression?

A

Decreased.

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5
Q

What is serotonin responsible for?

A

Self control.

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6
Q

Neural evaluations?

A

(+) proof that serotonin drugs do work, Berman study.
(-) limbic system isn’t alone

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7
Q

… levels of testosterone cause aggression?

A

Increased.

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8
Q

What limits male aggression?

A

Castration.

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9
Q

… levels of progesterone cause female aggression?

A

Low.

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10
Q

When are women most aggressive?

A

During menstrual cycle.

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11
Q

Hormone evaluations?

A

(+) animal research, Giammanco monkey study.
(-) human cognitive abilities.
(-) animal studies issues.
(-) gender bias.

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12
Q

Twin studies concordance rate for aggression?

A

( Coccaro research on assault)
Mz twins= 50% Dz twins= 19%

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13
Q

Why are adoption studies good?

A

Can separate nature and nurture.

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14
Q

What does MAOA stand for?

A

Monoamine oxidase A gene
(Warrior gene.)

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15
Q

Low activity MAOA causes?

A

Deficiency of seotonin, causing aggression.

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16
Q

Whose study supports MAOA gene?

A

Brunner Dutch men study.

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17
Q

How does the diathesis stress model explain aggression?

A

Genetic predisposition= MAOA
Trigger= trauma in first 15 years

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18
Q

Evaluations of genetic?

A

(+) accounts for both genders.
(-) reductionist.
(-) unclear serotonin link, faulty levels.
(-) twin study issues.

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19
Q

What does the ethological approach say aggression is?

A
  • an innate instinct.
  • doesn’t need to be linked.
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20
Q

What are adaptive benefits of aggression?

A

Expansion of territories and status/control.

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21
Q

What are appeasement displays?

A

Series of behaviours carried out in the same order which indicate vulnerability, prevent killing.

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22
Q

What’s an innate releasing mechanism?

A

A physiological process like a network on neurons in the brain.

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23
Q

What are fixed action patterns?

A

A sequence of stereotyped behaviours triggered by IRM. Three features: universal, unaffected by learning and single purpose.

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24
Q

Whose study supports IRM for ritualistic aggression?

A

Trinbergen stickle back study in mating season.

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25
Q

Ethological evaluations:

A

(+) Brunner support
(+) Trinbergen support
(-) not always ritualised, Tanzania monkeys
(-) biological reductionism

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26
Q

What does adaptive mean?

A

Something that enhances survival/reproduction.

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27
Q

What does the evolutionary explanation say about aggression?

A

It must be adaptive as it has survived natural selection.

28
Q

What causes male aggression?

A

Sexual jealousy.

29
Q

What is cuckoldry?

A

A man’s fear of raising another man’s child, not passing on own genes and using own resources.

30
Q

Daly and Wilson say men use … to stop their partner leaving?

A

Mate retention strategies.

31
Q

Examples of mate retention strategies?

A
  • vigilance
  • direct guarding
  • negative inducements
32
Q

How is bullying positive for males?

A

Helps them be at top of dominance hierarchy and have first access to resources.

33
Q

Why do women use bullying?

A

To secure fedility and have control.

34
Q

Evaluations of evolutionary?

A

(+) RWA of Clare’s law
(+) accounts gender differences
(-) cultural differences
(-) determinism

35
Q

Who came up with the frustration aggression hypothesis?

A

Dollard.

36
Q

Outline frustration aggression hypothesis?

A
  1. Inability
  2. Frustration
  3. Aggression
  4. Aggression drive
  5. Catharsis (sublimation or displacement)
37
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Expressing aggression in a more socially acceptable way.

38
Q

What is displacement?

A

A defense mechanism where aggression is expressed against something else.

39
Q

What study assessed frustration aggression?

A

Geen’s jigsaw study.

40
Q

Who investigated the role of environmental cues on aggression?

A

Berkowitz.

41
Q

Evaluations of FAH:

A

(+) RWA open carrying gun laws.
(-) aggression not cathartic
(-) simple

42
Q

How does SLT say we learn aggression?

A

Indirectly through observation, modelling, identification and VR.

43
Q

How does the bobo doll study explain the children’s aggression?

A

The ones who saw a positive response were the most aggressive.

44
Q

ARRM?

A

Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation

45
Q

What is self efficacy?

A

Self confidence and faith of succession, to carry out aggressive act.

46
Q

SLT evaluations?

A

(+) increased aggression after boxing
(+) cultural differences
(-) doesn’t explain all aggression
(-) demand characteristics in bobo doll study

47
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

When personal identity is lost in a group, gaining the social group’s identity.

48
Q

What did zimbardo say about deindividuation?

A

We behave in an irrational and emotional way against social norms, usually performing aggressive behaviour.

49
Q

What factors increase the likelihood of aggression?

A

Darkness, alcohol, drugs, masks and uniforms.

50
Q

What is public self awareness?

A

How much we care about what others think, reduced in a crowd due to anonymity.

51
Q

What is private self awareness?

A

How we pay attention to our own feelings and behaviour, reduced in a group due to diverged attention.

52
Q

What was Dodd’s study?

A

Asking p’s ‘what would you do if you couldn’t be detected?’ Most people said something antisocial or criminal.

53
Q

Deinidividiation evaluations?

A

(+) zimbardo replication of milgrams study with coats.
(+) cultural differences, men changing appearance for war.
(-) gender differences, not generalised to women.
(-) not always aggression, Gergen deviance in the dark study.

54
Q

What is the importation model?

A

Dispositional explanation, says prisoners bring violence either then (genetic or learnt.)

55
Q

What study supports importation model?

A

Delisi on cali juvenile offenders, had violent backgrounds.

56
Q

Evaluations of importation?

A

(+) camp and gaes research on prison security types.
(-) deterministic.

57
Q

What is the deprivation model?

A

Situational explanation, the prison environment causes the behaviour.

58
Q

What did steiner find about inmate violence?

A

It was higher in prisons with more female staff, overcrowding and protective custody.

59
Q

Deprivation evaluations?

A

(+) Cunningham found most arguments were over resources.
(-) refuting research from camp and gaes.

60
Q

How does excessive TV cause aggression?

A

Causes poor social and educational development in adulthood (Robertson)

61
Q

How does violent film content cause aggression?

A

Seen in Bandura’s bobo doll study.

62
Q

How do computer games cause aggression?

A

Taylor’s competitive time task with electric shocks, showed how people chose higher if playing violent games like mortal combat.

63
Q

Media evaluations:

A

(+) RWA, age ratings.
(+) SLT’s VR.
(-) deterministic.

64
Q

What is desensitisation?

A

Reduced sensitivity to a stimulus making aggression more likely (media exposure)

65
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

A lack of restraint due to over exposure, seen with children and cartoons.

66
Q

What is cognitive priming?

A

The way a person is triggered by cues and schemes which cause a response, such as violent films and derogatory music.

Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards (6 decks)

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