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Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

Who opened the first psychological lab and wanted to study mental processes?

A

Wundt (1879)

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2
Q

What was Wundt’s theory called?

A

Introspection

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3
Q

Evaluations of Wundt’s introspection?

A

(+) controlled, no EVs
(-) subjective
(-) cannot be replicated

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4
Q

Dominant approach in 1913?

A

Behaviourist
(Watson and Skinner)

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5
Q

Dominant approach in 1950?

A

Cognitive
(Inferences about mental processes)

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6
Q

Dominant approach in 1980?

A

Biological
(Scientific advancements like ECG)

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7
Q

Dominant approach from 2000?

A

Cognitive neuroscience
(Combo of cog and bio approach)

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8
Q

Evaluations of emergence of psych as a science?

A

(+) scientific modern psych
(-) not all approaches were objective

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9
Q

Order of approaches:

A

Wundt
Psychodynamic
Behaviourist
Humanistic
Cognitive
SLT
Biological
Cognitive neuroscience

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10
Q

3 behaviourist assumptions?

A
  • only studying observable behaviour
  • all behaviour learn via experience
  • born a blank slate
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of conditioning?

A

Classical and operant

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12
Q

3 types of reinforcement?

A

Positive, negative, punishment

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13
Q

Pavlov’s dogs (1927)?

A

Had the dogs associate food (which they would salivate for) with a bell. So when only the bell was present, the dogs would salivate

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14
Q

Skinner’s rats (1953)?

A

Used skinner boxes to show maintenance of behaviour of rats via reinforcement of them pressing a lever for food.

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15
Q

Behaviourist evaluations?

A

(+) scientific
(+) RWA, treating phobias
(-) reductionist
(-) ethical issues

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16
Q

3 SLT assumptions?

A
  • direct and indirect reinforcement
  • learn through observation and imitation
  • CC and OC are direct along with SL which is indirect
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17
Q

4 stages of SLT?

A
  • imitation
  • identification
  • modelling
  • vicarious reinforcement
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18
Q

Long ARRM?

A

Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation
(Memory and performance)

19
Q

Bandura bobo doll study (1961)?

A

3 groups seeing different responses to aggression from an adult toward a bobo doll

20
Q

SLT evaluations?

A

(+) Bandura’s support
(+) RWA, explaining aggression
(-) reductionist
(-) deterministic

21
Q

3 cognitive assumptions?

A
  • internal mental processes should be studied scientifically
  • interested in: memory, thinking and perception
  • inferences have to be made
22
Q

2 types of model in cognitive?

A
  • theoretical, framework on how to focus an enquiry (abstract)
  • computer, software about stimulation of MPs (concrete)
23
Q

What are schemas?

A

A framework of beliefs created from past experiences which help establish behaviours and thoughts developed overtime

24
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience?

A

Combination of 2 approaches as a result of advances overtime on how the 2 theory can relate and explain behaviour

25
Q

Cognitive evaluations?

A

(+) RWA, treating depression
(+) scientific evidence
(-) ignores genetics/ neurochem
(-) deterministic

26
Q

3 assumptions of biological?

A
  • everything psychological is innate
  • biology must be investigated to understand behaviour
  • mind and physical brain are separate
27
Q

What are genotype and phenotype?

A

Genetic makeup of DNA and how genes are observed physically

28
Q

Genetics influence on behaviour?

A

MAOA gene (aggression) known as warrior gene

29
Q

Brain structure influence on behaviour?

A

Localisation of functions and areas if abnormal can effect parts of brain function (Parkinson’s disease)

30
Q

Neurochemistry influence on behaviour?

A

Serotonin abnormal levels contributes to many disorders like anxiety, depression, OCD

31
Q

Biological evaluations?

A

(+) RWA, treating OCD
(+) scientific evidence (twin studies)
(-) ignores freewill
(-) disregards nurture

32
Q

3 psychodynamic assumptions?

A
  • most behaviour is controlled by unconscious mind
  • unconscious mind contains unpleasant memories controlled by defenders mechanisms
  • tripart personality and psychosexual stages
33
Q

Tripart personality?

A
  • id (from birth)
  • ego ( 1-3 years)
  • superego ( 3-5 years)
34
Q

Defence mechanisms?

A

Repression, denial, displacement

35
Q

Psychosexual stages?

A

-oral (0-1 years) mouth
- anal (1-3 years) anus
- phallic (3-6 years) phallis
-latency (6-11 years) none
- genital (11+) genitals

36
Q

Psychodynamic evaluations?

A

(+) RWA, psychoanalysis treatment
(+) importance of primary socialisation
(-) lack of evidence
(-) deterministic

37
Q

3 humanistic assumptions?

A
  • free will, self determining
  • maslow’s hierarchy of needs
  • the self, congruence, conditions of worth
38
Q

What is self actualisation?

A

Innate desire to achieve full potential and be best self

39
Q

What is congruence?

A

Self and ideal self being equal

40
Q

What are conditions of worth installed by?

A

Parents using conditional love

41
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  • physiological
  • safety
  • love/belonging
  • esteem
  • self actualisation
42
Q

Effects of conditions of worth?

A

Psychological problems for the child can occur due to these boundaries of love. Relates to Rogerian therapy with the aim of congruence

43
Q

Evaluations of humanistic?

A

(+) holistic and free will approach
(+) RWA, counselling
(-) disregards childhood (psycho)
(-) ignores biology

44
Q

Nature vs nurture?

A
  • behaviourist = nurture
  • SLT = nurture
    -Cognitive = both
  • Biological = nature
  • psychodynamic = both
  • humanistic = nurture

Izzy’s Psych Revision Cards (6 decks)

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