Biopsychological Interventions - SPSY 6317 Flashcards
What is the primary focus of psychopharmacology in mental health treatment?
medications
Which theory had the dominant influence in psychiatry in the 1920s?
psychodynamic
Who developed the first systematic nosologic system for diagnosing mental disorders?
Emil Kraepelin
Which neurologist believed that hysterical symptoms were linked to central nervous system lesions?
Jean-Martin Charcot
What infection caused psychotic-organic brain syndrome, treatable by penicillin?
syphilis
What psychiatric treatment involves the removal or severing of parts of the prefrontal cortex?
lobotomy
Which drug was the first to significantly reduce symptoms of psychosis in the 1950s?
Thorazine
Known for its calming effects, leading to its use in treating schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
What class of medication was developed to treat anxiety and agitation in the 1950s?
minor tranquilizers
Which type of chemicals are responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells in the brain?
neurotransmitters
What is the name of the hypothesis that attributes depression to a chemical imbalance in the brain?
monoamine hypothesis
What was the compound initially labeled as #4560 RR, later known as a breakthrough medication for psychosis?
Thorazine
What type of medication, introduced in the 1950s, is primarily used to treat depressive symptoms?
tricyclic antidepressants
Which field of study contributed to the understanding that some mental illnesses have a genetic component?
genetics
What medication is commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?
lithium
Notable for stabilizing mood and preventing manic episodes.
What term was used in the 1970s to describe psychiatric medications as a method of control?
chemical straitjacket
What is the name of the drug used to treat ADHD, which faced media criticism in the 1980s?
Ritalin
Which neuroimaging technique allows scientists to observe brain activity related to mental disorders?
PET scans
Uses a radioactive tracer to visualize brain metabolism.
What scientific concept suggests that neurotransmitter dysfunction could contribute to certain mental disorders?
biochemical etiology
What term refers to the combination of both psychotherapy and medication for treating mental health disorders?
integrated treatment
What type of psychiatric disorder often requires medication for effective treatment?
schizophrenia
Characterized by persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.
What is the primary focus of biological psychiatry in understanding mental disorders?
biology
Which model, focusing on psychological factors, was heavily debated alongside biological models in the mid-20th century?
psychodynamic
What term refers to the systematic classification of diseases in the medical field, first developed by Emil Kraepelin?
nosology
Which neurologist hypothesized that hysterical symptoms were due to central nervous system lesions and was a pioneer in neurology?
Jean-Martin Charcot