Biopsych: The structure and function of sensory, relay and motor neurones

Question 1

What are the three types of neuron in the nervous system

Answer 1

Sensory
Relay
Motor

Question 2

What does the sensory neuron look like (sketch or describe)

Answer 2

Long dendrites and short axon
(look at booklet for sketch)
(non spec but for identification= cell body in middle of axon)

Question 3

What does the Motor neuron look like (sketch or describe)

Answer 3

Short dendrites long axons
(look at booklet for sketch)

Question 4

What does the Relay neuron look like (sketch or describe)

Answer 4

Short dendrites and short axons, no myelin sheath
(look at booklet for sketch)

Question 5

Sensory neuron location:

Answer 5

Found in the PNS in clusters known as ganglia

PNS-CLUSTERS-GANGLIA

Question 6

Relay neuron location:

Answer 6

Found in the brain and the visual system

BRAIN+VISUAL SYSTEM

Question 7

Motor neuron location:

Answer 7

Cell bodies are found in the CNS but the long axons form part of the PNS

CELL BODIES=CNS LONG AXONS=PNS

Question 8

Describe the function of the sensory neuron:

Answer 8

Sends information from the senses (PNS) towards the brain (CNS)

Recepters are found in the eyes, ears, tongue, skin.
EETS

Question 9

Describe the function of the relay neuron:

Answer 9

If location not mentioned before- (Relay neurons are found in the brain/ visual system (CNS)

They carry nerve impulses between neurons allowing sensory and motor neurones to communicate.

They are involved in analysing the sensations from these neurons and deciding how to respond

Question 10

Describe the function of the motor neuron:

Answer 10

Sends information via long axons from the CNS through to effecters such as muscles or glands

Question 11

Describe the structure of the sensory neuron:

Answer 11

They have long dendrites and short axons

Question 12

Describe the structure of the relay neuron:

Answer 12

They have short dendrites and short axons, and no myelin sheath

Question 13

Describe the structure of the motor neuron:

Answer 13

They have short dendrites and long axons

Question 14

Describe the sensory neuron (full)

Answer 14

The sensory neuron is located in the PNS in clusters known as ganglia. There function is to send information from the senses (PNS) towards the brain (CNS), the receptors can be found in the eyes, ears, tongue and skin. Structurally they have long dendrites and short axons.

Question 15

Describe the motor neuron (full)

Answer 15

The motor neurones cell body’s are found in the CNS, but its long axons form part of the PNS. The function of the motor neuron is to send information via long axons from the CNS, through to effecters such as muscles or glands in the PNS. Structurally they have short dendrites and long axons

Question 16

Describe the relay neuron (full)

Answer 16

The location of the relay neuron is in the brain and visual system. There function is to carry nerve impulses between neurons, allowing sensory and motor neurons to communicate. They are also involved in analysing sensations from these neurons and deciding how to respond. Structurally they have short dendrites and short axons, no myelin sheath.

Question 17

What are the differences in structure between the the three types of neuron

Answer 17

Sensory long dendrites and short axons
Relay short dendrites and short axons, and no myelin sheath
Motor short dendrites and long axons