Biomes

Question 1

Tundra biome

Answer 1

1. Found in regions north of the Arctic Circle and south of the Antarctic Circle.
2. low mean annual temperature. 40 – 50 °C below freezing. weeks of continuous darkness (Rotation and Revolution)
3. no trees in the tundra due to permafrost. Lowest form of vegetation like mosses, lichens etc. Mammals like the wolves, foxes, musk-ox, Arctic hare and lemmings. thick cuticle and epidermal hair or fur. Mammals have a large body size and small tails and ears to avoid heat loss from the surface.
4. Eskimos in igloos

Question 2

Taiga/Boreal biome

Answer 2

1. Location: Northern Hemisphere, just below the Arctic Circle (50° to 70° N); found in central Canada, Scandinavian Europe, and central/southern Russia; absent in the south due to narrow continents and strong oceanic influence.
2. Climate: Brief, warm summers (20-25°C), long, cold winters (-30 to -40°C), year-round precipitation with summer maxima.
3. Vegetation: Evergreen coniferous forests (Pine, Fir, Spruce, Larch); known as taiga in Siberia, major source of softwood for paper, pulp, and rayon. Needle-shaped leaves to reduce transpiration.
4. Soil: Poor soils (Podzols), excessively leached, very acidic.
   5 Industry: Lumbering; lowest productivity due to soil quality.

Question 3

British Type Climate or Cool Temperate Western Margin Climate or North-West European Maritime Climate.

Answer 3

1. West Europe, coastlands of British Columbia, Chile, Southern Australia, and New Zealand.
2. warm summers and fairly mild winters. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with winter maxima. mean annual temperatures are usually between 5° C and 15° C. four distinct seasons.
3. deciduous forest- oak, elm, ash, birch, beech, willows and poplar. The trees shed their leaves in the cold season.
4. Lumbering, sheep keeping, industrialization (Ruhr region in Germany, Yorkshire, Manchester and Liverpool), maket gardening and mixed farming of wheat and barley but net import of crops

Question 4

Mediterranean Climate or Warm Temperate Western Margin Climate or Warm Temperate West Coast Climate

Answer 4

1. Entirely confined to the western portion of continental masses, between 30° and 45° north and south of the equator. central Chile, California (around San Francisco), the south-western tip of Africa (around Cape Town), southern Australia, and south-west Australia (Swanland).
2. hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Climate is not extreme
3. Trees with small broad leaves are widely spaced and never very tall. The absence of shade. open woodlands with evergreen oaks–cork oaks, eucalyptus, redwood. Evergreen coniferous trees like pines, firs, cedars. Grass is not suitable.
4. Orchard farming of citrus fruits and olives, wine, and wheat and barley.