Biomechanics principles

Question 1

What is Force-motion?

Answer 1

Force - motion is the ground reaction force → its the force exerted by the ground or a body in contact with it.
Gravity → the force that attracts a body towards the centre of the earth.

Question 2

What is Force-time?

Answer 2

Impulse = force (mass x acceleration) x time.

Eg. 100m sprint

Question 3

What is Inertia?

Answer 3

A measure of how difficult it is to move an object.

Eg. catching a medicine ball ↑ inertia and a netball has ↓ inertia therefor easier to catch.

Question 4

What is Range of Motion?

Answer 4

Angular motion movement of an object or body parts around a axis (rotary)
Linear motion involves a body/ object moving in a straight line.
Body segments (summation of movements/ sequential movement)
Eg. dart player would not want a high rage of motion, it moves are more accurate. javelin thrower would have a great range of motion for spin and force.

Question 5

Balance

What is Centre of Gravity?

Answer 5

The point for which all particles of a body are evenly distributed. it refers only to the vertical direction because that is the direction in which gravity acts.

Question 6

Balance

What is Centre of Mass?

Answer 6

The actual point of a body when all parts are evenly distributed and its the bodies balance point.

Question 7

Balance

What is Stability?

Answer 7

The state or quality of being stable, it depends on where the line of gravity is in relation to the base of support of an object.

Question 8

Balance
How to improve Stability?
and Types of balance?

Answer 8

1. Increase the base of support.
2. lower the centre of mass.
3. increase the mass of the body

Types of balance, Dynamic and static balance

Question 9

What is Coordination Continuum?

Answer 9

Coordination Continuum. Involves sequencing and timing the body’s actions to create movement. High levels of force are effectively created through simultaneous segmental movements while lower force and high speed movements require a sequential pattern of movement to be effective. The continuum contains simultaneous at one end and sequential at another. Most actions fall somewhere in between.

Question 10

What is simultaneous movement?

Answer 10

Simultaneous movement occurs when body parts move together, generally used when an athlete requires accuracy.
Eg. During basketball free throw or weight lifting (hight force)

Question 11

What is Segmental Interaction?

Answer 11

Using your body parts in order to create maximum power in a shot. Begins with the largest, slowest, strongest segments and works through to the slowest and fastest segments.
Eg.Golf/Tennis Shot

Question 12

What is Optimal Projection?

Answer 12

Identifying the appropriate angle, velocity and hight of release to achieve a particular goal.) Projectile path is determined by
-Velocity (horizontal and vertical)
-Angle
-Height of release  
Eg. 
Back hand slice in tennis → 15-25 degrees
Shot put → 45 degrees
Soft pall pitcher → 28-40 degrees

Question 13

Spin

Answer 13

• Spin will cause an object to lift. Lift will cause a curve and counter the effects of gravity.
  Eg.
  A tennis player putting a top spin on a ball to make it drop quicker