Biomechanics of Movement

Question 1

In order to understand Biomechanics, you should have a strong grasp on…

Answer 1

how the body moves. applying mechanics to how we move.

1. types of joints
2. types of muscles
3. the role of ligaments and tendons
4. the role of potential and kinetic energy

Question 2

Types of muscles

Answer 2

1. fast twitch (anaerobic) muscle fiber sprint, fast explosive movement anaerobic activity, crazy reps on the weights. can’t do for very long.
2. slow twitch (aerobic) muscle fiber stuff you can do for a long time. going jogging, swimming, biking

you are getting the oxygen you need in your body at a certain rate. with anaerobic activity, the body cant keep up with the oxygen being used. With aerobic, it can.

Question 3

Types of joints

Answer 3

1. ) hinge joints elbow, knee one fixed path, like the hinge on a door
2. ) pivot joints. shoulder, hip, can rotate, multidirectional movements

Question 4

What are the roles of ligaments and tendons?

Answer 4

Ligaments- reasons why are joints hold together and can move. attach BONES to BONES. Ex: ligaments in our knee so knee joint can move.

Tendons- MUSCLES to BONES. attaches them together.

Question 5

The role of potential and kinetic energy.

Answer 5

potential energy- energy thats not in motion or in work, but can be released. Like bending legs to jump up.

kinetic energy- release of energy.

muscle groups work in opposition. as one contracts, the other relaxes. Working together in opposition. -How to describe biomechanics.

Question 6

The biomechanics of movement are also influenced by external factors such as..

Answer 6

1. Gravity- when we push upward, its more difficult then pushing downward. Why its better to be on top in wrestling
2. Friction- when you try to run in the swimming pool, alot slower. pushing against
3. Newton’s Laws of Motion-
   
   1. “Law of inertia” -objects in motion want to stay in motion. objects in rest want to stay in rest. momentum in sports. Hard to weave when going really fast. easy when slow.
   2. “Force = Mass x Acceleration” The more mass, the more force it exerts. The more acceleration something has, the more force it exerts as well. Think of a freight train. One child weights 100 pounds will push back the 60 pound child.
   3. “Law of Reciprocal Actions” For every action, theres a equal reaction. If I push against a wall, I get pushed backwards. Not by the wall, but by your own strength. Leap upwards, exert force down, propel upward.

Question 7

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Answer 7

1. “Law of inertia” -objects in motion want to stay in motion. objects in rest want to stay in rest. momentum in sports. Hard to weave when going really fast. easy when slow.
   
   2. “Force = Mass x Acceleration” The more mass, the more force it exerts. The more acceleration something has, the more force it exerts as well. Think of a freight train. One child weights 100 pounds will push back the 60 pound child.
   3. “Law of Reciprocal Actions” For every action, theres a equal reaction. If I push against a wall, I get pushed backwards. Not by the wall, but by your own strength. Leap upwards, exert force down, propel upward.

Question 8

Fundamental components of mature movements necessary to basic schoolyard sports and activities.

Answer 8

1. Throwing a baseball- shifting weight to front foot (every throw or swing), rotate torso (little kids throw down, no velocity), follow through. (stop foot right at the ball does not give power)
2. Throwing a football- Same as above, but spin ball of fingertips
3. Swinging a bat- same, but release the backhand
4. Kicking a ball- stand upright, follow through after contact. Rotate hip