Biomechanics (Levers and Balance) Flashcards
what is equilibrium?
Equilibrium is a state in which all forces and torques acting on an object are balanced, meaning the object is either at rest (static equilibrium) or moving with constant velocity (dynamic equilibrium)
what is balance?
Balance is the ability to maintain stability and control over the body’s position while stationary or moving
what is stability?
Stability refers to the ability to resist changes to position or maintain balance when external forces are applied. The greater the stability, the harder it is to move or topple the object/ body
what are levers?
Levers are simple machines that consist of a bar that rotates around a fixed point or axis. They are used to amplify force or distance and are classified into three types based on the position of the axis, resistance arm, and force arm:
Third-class lever – The effort is between the load and the axis (e.g., a fishing rod).
what are the parts of a lever?
Axis – The fixed point around which the lever rotates.
Resistance arm – The distance from the axis to the point where the load or resistance is applied.
Force arm – The distance from the axis to the point where the effort (force) is applied.
most levers in the human body are?
3rd class levers
what is mechanical advantage?
the ratio of the force arm to the resistance arm
Mechanical advantage = Force arm / Resistance arm
all third class levers have a mechanical advantage of…
less then one
what is static equilibrium?
Static equilibrium is a state where an object is at rest and the forces and torques acting on it are balanced, meaning there is no movement or rotation. In this state, the object is perfectly balanced
what is dynamic equilibrium?
Dynamic equilibrium is a state where an object is moving at a constant velocity in a straight line, and the forces acting on it are balanced.
what is stability?
Stability refers to an object’s ability to resist changes to its position or maintain its balance when external forces are applied.
what is balance?
Balance is the ability to maintain a stable and controlled position of the body, either while stationary or in motion.
what is centre of gravity?
The center of gravity is the point at which the weight of an object is evenly distributed in all directions. It is the balance point of the object.
For a person standing upright, the center of gravity is typically located around the lower abdomen.
The lower the center of gravity, the more stable the object or person is (e.g., a low stance in sports increases stability).
what is line of gravity?
The line of gravity is an imaginary vertical line that runs downward from an object’s center of gravity to the ground. For an object to maintain balance, its line of gravity must fall within its base of support
what is base of support?
The base of support refers to the area beneath an object or person that provides support and stability. It is determined by the points of contact with the ground or surface.
For example, when standing, the base of support is the area between the feet
what is BEST?
(force summation)
B – Body Parts (Using as many body parts as possible)
E – sEquencing (Correct sequencing of these body parts from heaviest to lightest)
S – Stability (Stabalise each body part once it passes the momentum on)
T – Timing (Use correct timing to pass the momentum on)
what is Impulse?
Change in momentum
IMPULSE = Force x Time
