Biomechanics And Kinesiology - Glossary Flashcards
1
Q
Acceleration
A
- change in velocity of a body over time, expressed in linear and angular terms
2
Q
Accessory movements
A
- slight, passive, nonvolitional movements allowed in most joints
3
Q
Active force
A
- push or pull generated by stimulated muscle
4
Q
Active movement
A
- motion caused by stimulated muscle
5
Q
Agonist muscle
A
- muscle or muscle group that is most directly related to the initiation and execution of a particular movement
6
Q
Anatomic position
A
- the generally agreed on the reference position of the body used to describe the location and movements of its parts
- person is standing fully upright, looking forward, arms resting by the side and the palms facing forwards
7
Q
Angle-of-insertion
A
- angle formed between a tendon of a muscle and the long axis of the bone into which it inserts
8
Q
Antagonist muscle
A
- muscle or muscle group that has the action opposite to a particular agonist muscle
9
Q
Arthrokinematics
A
- motions of roll, slide, and spin that occur between curved articular surfaces of joints
10
Q
Axial rotation
A
- angular motion of an object in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis
11
Q
Axis of rotation
A
- an imaginary lone extending through a joint around which rotation occurs
12
Q
Bending
A
- effect of a force that deforms a material at right angles to its long axis
- bent tissue is compressed on its concave side and placed under tension on its convex side
13
Q
Center of mass
A
- point at the exact center of an object’s mass
14
Q
Close-packed position
A
- unique postion of most joints of the body where the articular surfaces are most congruent and the ligaments are maximally taut
15
Q
Compliance
A
- the inverse of stiffness
16
Q
Compression
A
- a force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls one object directly against another
17
Q
Concentric activation
A
- activated muscle that shortens as it produces a pulling force
18
Q
Creep
A
- a progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time
19
Q
Degrees of freedom
A
- number of independent directions of movements allowed at a joint
20
Q
Displacement
A
- change in the linear or angular position of an object
21
Q
Distal-on-proximal segment kinematics
A
- type of movement in which the distal segment of a joint rotates relative to a fixed proximal segment
22
Q
Distraction
A
- a force, applied perpendicularly to the contact surface, that pushes or pulls one object directly away from another
23
Q
Eccentric activation
A
- activated muscle that is producing a pulling force while being elongated by another more dominant force
24
Q
Elasticity
A
- property of a material demonstrated by its ability to return to its original length after the removal of a deforming force
25
Q
External force
A
- push or pull produced by sources located outside the body
26
Q
External moment arm
A
- perpendicular distance between an axis of rotation and the external force
27
Q
External torque
A
- product of an external force and its external moment arm
28
Q
Force
A
- a push or pull that produces, arrests, or modifies a motion
29
Q
Force-couple
A
- two or more muscles acting in different linear directions, but producing a torque in the same rotary direction
30
Q
Force of gravity
A
- potential acceleration of a body toward the center of the earth as a result of gravity
31
Q
Friction
A
- resistance to movement between two contacting surfaces