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PE Y1 > biomechanics > Flashcards

biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what is a force

A

a push or a pull that alters the state of a body

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2
Q

what is inertia

A

the resistance of a body to change its state of motion , either at rest or whilst moving

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3
Q

what is velocity

A

the rate of change in displacement

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4
Q

what are newtons three laws

A

law of inertia , law of acceleration & law of reaction

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5
Q

what is newtons first law

A

law of inertia

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6
Q

what is newtons second law

A

law of acceleration

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7
Q

what is newtons third law

A

law of reaction

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8
Q

what is newtons first law of inertia

A

a body will continue in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by external force
- greater the mass , greater the inertia therefore the greater fore needed to change the body’s state of motion

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9
Q

what is newtons second law of acceleration

A

a body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and it acts in the same direction as the force applied
- the more force , the more acceleration and the bigger the change in momentum

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10
Q

what is newtons third law of reaction

A

for every action force applied to a body, there is an equal and opposite reaction force generated by the object back towards the body

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11
Q

how does mass effect inertia

A

the greater the mass of an object, the larger its inertia therefore a greater force is needed to change its state of motion

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12
Q

how do you calculate velocity

A

displacement / time taken

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13
Q

how to calculate momentum

A

mass x velocity

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14
Q

how to calculate acceleration

A

(final velocity - initial velocity) / time taken

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15
Q

how to calculate force

A

mass x acceleration

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16
Q

what are the two types of forces

A

internal and external

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17
Q

what are internal forces

A

forces generated by the contraction of skeletal muscle

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18
Q

what are external forces

A

forces that come from outside of the body and acts upon it

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19
Q

what are the 5 effects of force

A
  • can create motion
  • can accelerate a body
  • can decelerate a body
  • can change the direction of a body
  • can change the shape of a body
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20
Q

what is net force

A

the sum of all forces acting on a body

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21
Q

if net force is zero

A

the forces are balanced

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22
Q

if the net force is present…

A

… the force are unbalanced and the body is accelerating/decelerating/ changing shape or direction

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23
Q

what does a positive net force mean

A

body is accelerating

24
Q

what does a negative net force mean

A

body is decelerating

25
Q

what are the two vertical forces

A

weight and reaction

26
Q

what is weight

A

gravitational pull that the earth exerts on a body

27
Q

how does weight act

A

downwards force from the bodys centre of mass

28
Q

how does reaction act

A

upwards force from the bodys point of contact with surface

29
Q

what are the two horizontal forces

A

friction and air resistance

30
Q

in what direction does friction act

A

same direction as the direction of motion from the point of contact

31
Q

what affects friction

A
  • roughness of the surface
  • roughness of contact surface
  • temperature
  • size of normal reaction
32
Q

in what direction does air resistance work

A

against the direction of motion from the bodys centre of mass

33
Q

what affects air resistance

A
  • velocity
  • shape of body
  • frontal cross section of body
  • smoothness of surface
34
Q

what does it mean if net force is zero

A

body is at rest/ travelling at uniform velocity

35
Q

how can an athlete increase/maximise their power

A

through weight/plyometric training - uses the speed and force of different movements to increase muscle power

more muscle power - more action force therefore more reaction force/acceleration

36
Q

what is centre of mass

A

the point where all forces are balanced- dependant on the distribution of body mass

37
Q

how can the centre of mass be manipulated

A

by altering the body shape ie stretching/bending

38
Q

what is stability

A

the ability of a body to remain at rest and resist motion

39
Q

what is stability affected by

A

• mass of body
• line of gravity
• points of contact
• height of COM
• base of support

40
Q

how does mass effect stability

A

more mass - more stable

41
Q

how does centre of mass affect stability

A

the lower the COM- the more stable

42
Q

how does line of gravity effect stability

A

the closer the line to centre of mass - the more stable ie lean forward

43
Q

how does the base of support effect stability

A

wider the base - more stable

44
Q

how does points of contact effect stability

A

more points of contact - more stable

45
Q

what is the line of gravity

A

an imaginary line that extends from the centre of mass to the floor

46
Q

how does like of gravity and base of support link

A

the more central the line is to the base of support - more stable

47
Q

what is 123FLE

A

1 class, 2 class, 3 class
fulcrum, load, effort

48
Q

what are levers

A

systems that are the coordinated of our bones and muscles - to primarily make movement

49
Q

what are the functions of levers

A

• to generate muscular effort to overcome a given load
• to increase the speed of a given movement

50
Q

what are the components of the lever in the body

A

lever (bone)
fulcrum (joints)
effort (muscular effort used)
load (weight/resistance)

51
Q

what is a first class lever

A

when the fulcrum is in the middle of the effort and load

52
Q

what is a second class lever

A

when the load is in the middle of the fulcrum and effort

53
Q

what is a third class lever

A

when effort is in the middle of the fulcrum and the load

54
Q

when is there a mechanical advantage

A

when the effort arm is longer than the load arm (second class levers)

55
Q

when is there an mechanical disadvantage

A

when resistance is more than effort 3rd class levers)

PE Y1 (7 decks)

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