Biomechanics

Question 1

Equation for force

Answer 1

Mass x Accelaration

Question 2

Force is used to

Answer 2

• get objects moving
• stop objects moving
• change moving objects
• change speed of moving objects
• balance another force to keep object still

Question 3

Internal Force

Answer 3

• structures in body that interact to produce movement

e. g. muscles and.tendons act together to produce that cause movement

Question 4

External Force

Answer 4

• result from interaction between body and environment

- includes contact and non contact

Question 5

Application

Simultaneously

Answer 5

• all body parts move at same time to produce force
• generally used to produce accuracy but some activities use this to gain power

e.g. a putt in golf. vs a snatch in weight lifting

Question 6

Application

Sequentially

Answer 6

• combination of forces produced by different parts of the body, acting together to maximise force
• generally used to produce maximal force such as throwing, kicking and striking

e.g. baseball pitcher, striking in golf

Question 7

Types of External Forces

Answer 7

Contact: 
Frictional forces 
Ground reaction forces 
Air resistance 
Water resistance 

Non contact:
Gravity

Question 8

Force Absorbtion

Answer 8

Force absorption is the process of reducing the force of an impact between 2 objects

Question 9

How is Force absorbed

Answer 9

• Increasing time amd movement
• increasing movement length
• Increasing area of which force is absorbed

Question 10

Video Analysing Techniques

Answer 10

1 Film the game/ session
2 Replay for analysis
3 Feedback
4 Implement strategy

Question 11

Video Analysis definition

Answer 11

Provides visual feedback to the performer by slowing the movement down and breaking it down into fractions. Can see weaknesses and strengths

Question 12

Coaches

Answer 12

• Recognise more positives than negatives to encourage performer
• Should use feedback sandwich

Question 13

Three Phases of a movement

Answer 13

Preparation - All movement that prepare athlete for the performance of the skill

Action - Begins when preparation ends at contact/ release

Follow through - Refers to all movements after the execution phase

Question 14

Coaches analyse performance to determine

Answer 14

• What the athlete is doing right?
• What the athlete is doing wrong that limits performance?
• What key aspects of the performance need attention?
• What training activities are needed to rectify faults?
• To track the athlete’s progress

Question 15

What are two methods sport skills can be analysed

Answer 15

Quantitative analysis

Qualitative analysis

Question 16

Process of Qualitative Analysis

Answer 16

1. Preparation stage
2. Observation stage
3. Diagnosis stage
4. Intervention stage
5. Re-observation stage

Question 17

Preparation Phase

Answer 17

Coach develops knowledge about the skill and identifies what to look at

must know the points of technique required to produce the skill correctly and the characteristics of skilled performance, including:

⎯ Efficient technique
⎯ Coordination
⎯ Balance
⎯ Fitness
⎯ Efficient use of time and energy
⎯ Strong kinaesthetic sense
⎯ Anticipation
⎯ Sound mental approach

Question 18

Observation Phase

Answer 18

Gather data about the performance (live or recorded)

• What is the best angle / method to observe the skill – front on, side on or from behind – all provide different perspectives of the performance.
• Direct observation or video?
• Observe / record several trials to get more accurate
results and record results on the checklist
• How close to the subject are you going to be? This is influenced by what you are looking for e.g. court movement vs. technique

Question 19

Diagnosis Phase

Answer 19

Identify strengths and weaknesses of the performer, what is different to your preconceived ideas?

• Mark off on a checklist the things the performer is doing correctly, incorrectly or not at all
• List the weaknesses in order of priority for correction;
⎯ Critical – performance inhibiting – require
immediate attention
⎯ Less critical – less impact on performance so
can work on over a period of time
• Large changes to technique need a longer time to rectify and may be done during the off-season
• Technical flaws which do not impact on performance may not always be addressed

Question 20

Intervention Phase

Answer 20

Provide feedback and suggest methods to improve

• Once weaknesses are identified, strategies to address these are then developed.

Question 21

Intervention Phase

Answer 21

• Error correction / intervention can be undertaken during the game and/or during training

Question 22

Re-observation Phase

Answer 22

Observe the performer implement the changes made in a similar context to initial observation

• Did they make a difference or is further intervention needed?