Biomechanical Analysis Of Injury

Question 1

Tennis elbow can also be called…

Answer 1

Lateral epicondylitis

Question 2

Intrinsic factors affecting injury (8)

Answer 2

Age
Sex
Previous injury
Muscle strength
Reaction time
Anatomical structure
Postural stability

Question 3

Extrinsic factors affecting injury (4)

Answer 3

Footwear
Surface
Competition level
Weather

Question 4

Dorsi flexion

Answer 4

Toes towards shin

Question 5

Plantar flexion

Answer 5

Pointed toes towards ground

Question 6

Adduction

Answer 6

Toes rotate away from midline of body

Question 7

Abduction

Answer 7

Toes rotate towards midline of body

Question 8

Inversion of rear foot

Answer 8

Rotating towards midline

Question 9

Eversion of rear foot

Answer 9

Rotating away from middline

Question 10

Biomechanical Characteristics associated with injury (2)

Answer 10

Excessive rear foot eversion / pronation

Ankle inversion

Question 11

Rear foot movement time history

Answer 11

X axis - time
Y axis - Rear foot angle (inversion above y axis, eversion below y axis)
Line stars in inversion, dips into eversion and back into inversion to finish. Slightly steeper dip into eversion and more shallow back into inversion.

Question 12

What is pronation?

Answer 12

Internal tibial rotation

Question 13

What does pronation do? (2)

Answer 13

Contributes to cushioning

Allows adaptation to different surfaces

Question 14

3 pronation characteristics that are associated with overuse running injuries?

Answer 14

Amount of pronation
Rate of pronation
Time to max pronation

Question 15

Retrospective research

Answer 15

In then past

Question 16

Cross sectional research

Answer 16

A ‘snapshot’

Question 17

Prospective studies are the preferred method for …….

Answer 17

Pronation

Question 18

Supination

Answer 18

External tibial rotation

Question 19

Pronation and overuse injury study
Author and date
Nature of study
Data collected
Result

Answer 19

Hreljac et al (2000)
2 groups of runners- no overuse injury & previous overuse injury
Rear foot movement data collected - peak rear foot angle & peak velocity of pronation
Result = higher velocity of pronation for injury free group

Question 20

Pronation and anterior knee pain study:
Author and date
Nature of study
Data collected
Result

Answer 20

Duffey et al (2000)
2 groups of runners- uninjured & anterior knee pain
Data collected - rear foot angle at 10% stance, peak rear foot angle, peak velocity of pronation
Results - runners with anterior knee pain had lower pronation during first 10% stance

Question 21

Ankle inversion is also knows as

Answer 21

Twisted ankle

Question 22

Rear foot eversion and ankle inversion injury study:
Author and date
Nature of study
Data collected
Result

Answer 22

Williams et al (2005)
223 PE students - injured & not injured
Data collected - pressure variables, rear foot kinematics
Results - maximum inversion velocity later in injury group
No difference in peak inversion, initial inversion or range of motion

Question 23

Peak eversion angle during running - typical values:
Time at which it occurs
Angle

Answer 23

4 degrees, 3.3m/s - Williams et al. (2005)

10 degrees, 3.7m/s - Pohl et al. (2009)

Question 24

Supination is characterised by simultaneous: (3)

Answer 24

Eversion
Adduction
Plantar flexion

Question 25

Pronation is characterised by simultaneous: (3)

Answer 25

Dorsi flexion
Abduction
Inversion

Question 26

2 types of athletic injury?

Answer 26

ACUTE - associated with a traumatic event such as those that result from a hard tackle/ from falling. Acute doesn’t refer to amount of pain, it refers to short time taken for injury to occur.
E.g. Ankle inversion injuries (sprain), dislocated shoulder, pulled muscle

CHRONIC - overuse injuries resulting from repetitive action such as long distance running, repeated throwing, repeated racket action
E.g. Tibial stress fractures, lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)