Biomarkers Flashcards
What do biomarkers do?
Risk assesment, screening, monitoring, diagnostic, prognostic, predictive
What is CA-125 used for? (CA= cancer associated)
Ovarian cancer, tumor asscociated biomarker, cannot be used in isolation and need to be used with other monitoring biomarkers (compare within person); used to check if treatments are working
ER/PR in breast cancer is used for?
predicts hormone therapy (tamoxifen), diagnostic marker at times
What is HER2/neu used for?
EGFR, membrane staining; predicts response to blocking by trastuzumab (herceptin)
What is CD-20 used for?
diagnostic B-cell lymphomas, and predictive for rituximab
How is CML diagnosed?
translocation of 9 (ABL) and 22 (bcr) chromsone (philedelphia chromsomes)
If you have tr (9,22), what drug do you use?
Imatinib
What does BCR-ABL1 do to the RTK?
make it consitutively active
What does EGFR mut predict?
use drug Gefitinib
What does KRAS mut predict?
Cannot use EGFR inhibitors (Gefitinib and cetuximab)
Mut for increased risk of breast cancer
BRCA1/2
Mut for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
TP53
What is LiFraumeni syndrome?
breast and adrenal carcinoma, sarcoma, acute leuk., bran malignancies
Mut. in Mismatch repair genes (MLH/MSH/PMS)
Lynch syndrome
What is lynch syndrome?
loss of function of DNA repair; cancer of colon stomach small bowel, billary tract, ovary, endometrium, and brain malignancies
