Biology4 8D Microbes - unicellular organisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the 5 different kingdoms contains cells without a nucleus?

A

The only cells without a nucleus are bacteria. Their DNA is loose DNA in the cytoplasm.

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2
Q

What is the name for the cells with a nucleus?

A

The name for the cells with a nucleus is Eukaryote.

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3
Q

Why does the pH of milk drop as it changes into yoghurt?

A

The pH drops as lactic acid is made by the microbes added to the milk. This makes the milk curdle and thicken as well as making the yoghurt taste sour.

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4
Q

In a food chain the numbers decrease from one level to another. Can you explain why?

A

In a food chain the numbers decrease from one level to another there is less energy available for the next level of the food chain. The less energy available, the fewer organisms it can support.

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5
Q

What are the stages in the growth of a population of a microbes?

A

The stages in the growth of a population of a microbe are slow increase in number, fast increase in number, maximum population, death.

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6
Q

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

A

The nucleus is the organelle which contains DNA and so controls the cell.

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7
Q

What is the name for the cells without a nucleus?

A

The name for the cells without a nucleus is Prokaryote.

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8
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in a cell?

A

The cell wall is the part of a cell which supports and protects the cell.

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9
Q

Which 2 kingdoms contains multicellular organisms?

A

The 2 kingdoms which contains multicellular organisms are the plant and animal kingdom.

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10
Q

Name a food made by a bacteria

A

An example of a food made by a bacteria is yoghurt.

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11
Q

Why are decomposers important for an ecosystem.

A

They break down waste and recycle carbon.

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12
Q

Why do multicellular organisms (plants and animals) need transport systems?

A

Multicellular organisms (plants and animals) need transport systems because it would take too long to deliver oxygen to tissues in the middle of your body by diffusion.

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13
Q

What kind of respiration makes lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid is made by anaerobic respiration ( when no oxygen is available)

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14
Q

What is the disadvantage of being unicellular?

A

The disadvantage of being unicellular is that the cell cannot get too large as it depends on diffusion for the movement of food and oxygen into the cell.

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15
Q

What does a bacterial cell use its flagellum for?

A

A bacterial cell use its flagellum (plural flagella) to move itself around.

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16
Q

When you make bread you put it in warm place to prove and increase in size. Why does the bread rise?

A

The microbes (yeast - a fungus) releases carbon dioxide

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17
Q

What is the role of the chloroplast in a cell?

A

The chloroplast is the part of a cell which makes food/glucose by photosynthesis. It contains the green pigment chlorophyll which absorbs light energy..

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18
Q

What is the role of the ribosomes in a cell?

A

The ribosomes are the pace in a cell where proteins are made.

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19
Q

Name a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms that never contain mitochondria or a nucleus

A

A kingdom that contains organisms made of cells that never have mitochondria or a nucleus is the bacteria kingdom.

20
Q

What is the role of the mitochondrion in a cell?

A

The mitochondrion is the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place.

21
Q

What 3 resources do microbes need to survive?

A

To survive microbes need warmth, moisture, and food (such as glucose)

22
Q

Name a kingdom that contains organisms made of cells that never have cell walls.

A

A kingdom that contains organisms made of cells that never have cell walls is the animal kingdom. The other 4 kingdoms all have cell walls.

23
Q

What is the role of the cell surface membrane in a cell?

A

The cell surface membrane wall is the part of a cell which controls what enters and leaves the cell

24
Q

What do we mean by a producer in an ecosystem?

A

A producer in an ecosystem is one which can photosynthesise.

25
Q

Name a kingdom that contains unicellular organisms that can have chloroplasts.

A

A kingdom that contains unicellular organisms that can have chloroplasts is the protoctists. it cannot be plants as these are multicellular!

26
Q

Which microbes produce alcohol?

A

The microbes which produce alcohol are fungi such as yeast. They do this when they respire anaerobivally. (without oxygen). it is called fermentation.

27
Q

Yeast cells reproduce asexually. How do they do this?

A

Yeast cells increase by budding. Eventually the bud breaks off the parent microbe and becomes an individual. It will be an exact genetic copy

28
Q

Glucose is an organic compound. Give the name of one other organic compound

A

Any kind of food group such as protein, starch, fat, lipid, oil, carbohydrate

29
Q

Why do the numbers of microbes in a petri dish of agar reach a peak and then drop?

A

The numbers of microbes in a petri dish of agar reach a peak and then drop because they run out of food and die.

30
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction does not need a second parent or sperm or egg cells (gametes) . It makes an exact copy of the parent (called a clone)

31
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

An organism that breaks down/feeds on dead organisms and animal wastes.

32
Q

Name a food made by a bacteria

A

Examples of food made by bacteria include yoghurt, cheese and vinegar.

33
Q

A virus is not a living thing. State three things that a virus cannot do for itself.

A

Three of: move, reproduce, sense things, grow, excrete, respire, get nutrition

34
Q

The 5 different kinds of cells are sorted into 5 kingdoms of living organisms. Name them (in any order)

A

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Bacteria, Protoctists

35
Q

What is the chemical reaction for anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

Hint: we use these bacteria to make yoghurt.

A

Bacteria use a type of anaerobic respiration to ferment milk: glucose → lactic acid

36
Q

What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

A

The difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms is that unicellular organisms are made of only 1 cell and multicellular organisms are made of many cells.

37
Q

How do bacteria and fungi feed?

A

Bacteria and fungi feed by releasing enzymes into their surroundings to digest large organic molecules. The digested molecules are then absorbed.

38
Q

Name a food made using yeast

A

Examples of food made using yeast iare bread and beer or wine.

39
Q

How does drying foods stop them going off? .

A

Microbes need moisture to survive. They cannot feed and grow without it.

40
Q

Which 2 kingdoms contain cells which can photosynthesise?

A

The 2 kingdoms contain cells which can photosynthesise are plant and algal kingdoms.

41
Q

What shape is the graph of population growth of microbes?

A

The shape of the graph of population growth of a microbe is an exponential.curve.

42
Q

What is the chemical reaction for fermentation?

A

glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (alcohol)

43
Q

Bacteria and Yeast are in different kingdoms. State 2 differences between bacteria and yeast

A

Yeast have mitochondria, bacteria do not. Yeast cells have a nucleus, bacteria have a circular chromosome loose in the cytoplasm.

44
Q

What is the chemical reaction for photosynthesis?

Which microbes can do this?

A

Some protoctists can photosynthesise:

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

45
Q

How do protoctists move?

A

Some protoctists move using pseudopods (extending their cell membranes into arms) while others use cilia and others use flagella.

46
Q

Whyis the carbon cycle important?

A

Because it shows how all the processes involved in moving carbon around the environment are linked. This gives us information on the causes and solutions to the issue of global warming.