Biology4 8B Sexual reproduction in plants Flashcards

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1
Q

When sex cells (or gametes) fuse what do they produce?

A

The gametes fuse to produce a fertilised egg cell or zygote.

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen in a leaf cell

A

Photosynthesis happens in a chloroplast in a leaf cell?

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3
Q

What are the 2 parts of the stamen?

A

The 2 parts of the stamen are the anther and the filament.

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4
Q

What are the last two levels of classification of any organism?

A

The genus and species

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5
Q

Why do plants have brightly coloured flowers?

A

Brightly coloured flowers attract insects to pollinate the flowers.

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6
Q

What is the difference between the offspring from sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

The offspring from sexual reproduction contain characteristics from both parents whilst those from asexual reproduction have identical DNA and so look just like their parents.

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7
Q

How do insect and wind pollinated flowers look different?

A

Insect pollinated flowers have large, brightly coloured petals to attract insects. Wind pollinated flowers have small petals, often brown or dull green because there is no need to attract insects

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8
Q

Name the 3 stages of the life cycle after the egg cell is released.

A

The egg cell is fertilised creating 1) a zygote which grows into 2) an embryo, which can grow into 3) an adult and become a parent so completing its life cycle.

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9
Q

Why don’t you look the same as your brothers or sisters if you have the same parents?

A

The differences in the way you and your siblings look (your characteristics) is called inherited variation. It is due to the mixing up of genes every time eggs and sperm are made.

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10
Q

What are the 4 parts of the carpel?

A

The 4 parts of the carpel are the stigma, style, ovary and ovule.

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11
Q

What do we call the sex cells (or gametes) in animals?

A

The sex cells (or gametes) in animals are called sperm and eggs

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12
Q

How can we increase the repeatability of a sample?

A

The more samples we take the more repeatable the estimate is likely to be but the longer it will take to do.

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13
Q

How do plants such as strawberries or potatoes reproduce asexually?

A

Some plants can reproduce using asexual reproduction by using runners in strawberries or tubers in potatoes.

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14
Q

What is the name of the process where plants capture light energy and use it to make sugars?

A

This process is called photosynthesis.

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15
Q

How does the pollen of insect and wind pollinated flowers look different?

A

Insect pollen is often sticky or spiky to stick to insects. The pollen of wind pollinated flowers is very light and smooth so it can be blown in the wind.

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16
Q

What is a carpel?

A

The carpel is the name of the female reproductive system in a plant.

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17
Q

What 3 features help you decide that this organism is a plant?

A

The plant kingdom contains organisms that have 1) green leaves, 2) cell walls made of cellulose and 3) can photosynthesise

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18
Q

What R is the process that produces young/offspring?

A

Reproduction produces new living things (offspring).

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19
Q

Where are pollen grains made?

A

The pollen grains are made in the anther of a flower.

20
Q

Do insect and wind pollinated flowers both contain nectar?

A

Insect pollinated flowers usually contain nectar to attract insects. Wind pollinated flowers don’t have nectar because there is no need to attract insects

21
Q

How does the stigmas of insect and wind pollinated flowers look different?

A

In the insect pollinated flower the stigma has sticky coating so pollen sticks to it. The wind pollinated flower has feathery or net like stigmas to catch the drifting pollen

22
Q

Why do plants spend energy on making sugary fruit?

A

Fruit are used for seed dispersal, which stops the new plants competing with the parent plants for water, nutrients, light and space.

23
Q

What 5 things does a growing plant need?

A

A growing plant needs light, air, water, warmth and nutrients called mineral salts (LAWWN).

24
Q

What is the difference between the number of parents needed in sexual and asexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction needs two parents to produce sex cells or gametes. In asexual reproduction only one parent is involved.

25
Q

What do we call the sex cells (or gametes) in plants?

A

The sex cells (or gametes) in plants are called pollen and eggs.

26
Q

How can you estimate the plant populations in an area?

A

Plant populations in an area can be estimated by taking samples using a quadrat.

27
Q

Why does each species have a two-word scientific name?

A

Each species has a two-word scientific name which allows scientists all over the world to be sure they are talking about the same organism.

28
Q

What is inside a seed?

A

The seed contains the embryo and a food store to help it grow when the conditions are right..

29
Q

Name the 4 stages of fertilisation starting with a pollen grin landing on the stigma.

A

Once on the stigma, 1) a pollen grain grows a pollen tube, 2) which enters the ovule containing an egg cell. 3) The nucleus from the pollen grain joins with the nucleus inside the egg cell to 4) form a zygote or embryo. This is called fertilisation.

30
Q

Which part of a flower are eggs made in?

A

The egg of a plant is made in the ovule which is in the ovary in the base of a flower.

31
Q

What 4 things do plants compete for?

A

Plants compete for water, nutrients, light and space.

32
Q

What does a plant do with extra sugars from photosynthesis?

A

The extra glucose from photosynthesis is turned into starch to be stored.

33
Q

What is pollination?

A

In pollination pollen is transferred from the anther where it was made to the stigma of another flower.

34
Q

Name 4 methods of seed trasfer

A

● Some fruits are eaten by animals and the seeds come out in their faeces (e.g. apples). ● Some fruits are carried on the fur of animals (e.g. burdock). ● Some fruits are carried by the wind (e.g. dandelion). ● Some fruits explode, scattering the seeds (e.g. lupins).

35
Q

What is the stamen?

A

The stamen is the name of the male reproductive system in a plant.

36
Q

How do insect and wind pollinated flowers smell different?

A

Insect pollinated flowers are often sweetly scented to attract insects. Wind pollinated flowers have no scent because there is no need to attract insects

37
Q

Where do you find the gametes in plants?

A

Gametes are produced by plant reproductive organs. inside flowers.

38
Q

How does the anthers of insect and wind pollinated flowers look different?

A

The anthers of insect pollinated flowers is firm and inside flower to brush against insects. The anthers of wind pollinated plants are loosely attached and dangle out to release pollen into the wind

39
Q

Name the two ways pollination can happen

A

Pollination is when pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another flower. This transfer can happen by insects such as bees or by the wind..

40
Q

The resources seeds need to germinate are water, oxygen and warmth (WOW). What do they need each of these things for?

A

The resources needed are water, oxygen and warmth (WOW). Water allows chemical reactions to start, which break down the food store and allows cells in the embryo to swell up. Oxygen is needed for respiration, to release energy from the food store. Warmth is needed to speed up the chemical reactions.

41
Q

What is germination?

A

Germination is the development of a plant from a seed after a period of rest or dormancy.

42
Q

Why should humans should preserve biodiversity?

A

We should preserve biodiversity because: ● organisms depend on one another (they are interdependent) ● humans won’t be able to make use of organisms if they become extinct ● more biodiverse areas recover better from natural disasters.

43
Q

Why do we only sample a small area of an area?

A

We can take a small sample of a larger population and use it to estimate what the larger population is like.

44
Q

Why do we only sample a small area of an area.

A

We can take a small sample of a larger population and use it to estimate what the larger population is like.

45
Q

What do we mean by biodiversity?

A

The range (or different types of species) in an area is called biodiversity

46
Q

What does estimate mean?

A

An estimate is a rough or inaccurate calculation.

47
Q

What part of the seed starts to grow first?

A

When a seed germinates the root grows first then the shoot