Biology yr9 Flashcards
What is a chromosome?
Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a cell.
What is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for growth, development, functioning, and reproduction in all living organisms.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that contains the instructions for making a specific protein, which determines a particular trait.
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
The stages of the cell cycle are interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).
Why is mitosis important?
Mitosis is important for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms, as it ensures that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
What happens in metaphase?
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell, and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.
What happens in telophase?
In telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the chromatin begins to decondense back into chromatin.
What is asexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction that only involves one parent, producing genetically identical offspring known as clones.
What is sexual reproduction?
A type of reproduction that involves two parents, producing genetically diverse offspring.
How are offspring produced in asexual reproduction related to the parent?
Offspring are identical to the parent as they are clones.
How are offspring produced in sexual reproduction related to the parents?
Offspring inherit genetic material from both parents, leading to genetic diversity.
Which type of reproduction involves mitosis?
Asexual reproduction
Which type of reproduction involves meiosis?
Sexual reproduction
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four haploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell.
diploid cell
A cell containing two copies of each chromosome
