Biology yr7 Flashcards
seven functions of life
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
cytoplasm
jelly like substance. many of the cell’s activities take place here.
chloroplast
photosynthesis happen here. contains the green substance chlorophyll which absorbs light.
cell wall
made of cellulose. gives the cell a rigid structure.
cell membrane
controls what enters and exits the cell.
vacuole
contains cell sap
nucleus
where the genetic material is found.Contrls the activities of the cell.
mitochondria
where respiration happens. A chemical reaction which releases energy from food.
sperm cell
- long tail to swim to egg cells
- made in male’s testicles
- contains 1/2 of normal amount of DNA
- carries dad’s DNA to egg
- enzymes to help sperm to get to egg.
egg cell
- contains yolk( embryo’s food source)
- largest animal cell in human body
- carries mum’s DNA
- found in the ovaries
palisade cell
- found in the top of a leaf.
- tall and has a large surface area( to absorb sunlight faster)
- packed with chloroplast
- carries out photosynthesis
red blood cell
- large surface area
- contains haemoglobin
- oxygenates cell
nerve cells
- extremely elongated
- several branches to connect to other cells
- main branch -long axis is- covered in fat to prevent electrical impulses affecting other body parts
- carries nerve impulses around the body.
root hair cell
- found in plant roots
- thin cell wall allows water to easily pass through
- large surface area
- absorbs minerals/water from soil
ciliated cell
- stops lung damage
- sweeps mucus with dust/ bacteria back to the throat to be swallowed
- found in air passages down to the lungs
- smoking causes hair to die
What is Respiration ?
respiration is the chemical reaction which occurs in every living cell to release energy from the food you eat using the oxygen that you breathe in.
respiration formula
Glucouse+Oxygen—-> Carbon di oxide+ water +energy
anaerobic respiration
when body cells are not supplied with enough oxygen to perform aerobic respiration they can, for a time, perform anaerobic respiration- without oxygen.
anaerobic respiration formula
Glucose—->Lactic acid+ small amount of energy
oxygen debt formula
Lactic acid+ Oxygen—> Carbon di oxide+water
alveoli
the air sacs in the lungs are known as aveoli.Under microscope they appear like a bunch of grapes.
bronchi
the two bronchi are passages that lead into the lungs from the trachea.
diaphragm
a muscular sheet found at the base of the lungs. It contracts when we breathe in.
epiglottis
a flap at the top of the throat that prevents food going down the trachea during swallowing
intercostal muscles
the rib muscles that causes raising of the rib- cage as we inspire , that is, to breathe in
larynx
voice box in the throat
trachea
wind- pipe covered in protective rings of cartilage that provide support
Function of Cilia
moves microbes and debris up and out of the airway
Function of mucus
thin fluid, keeps organs moist, traps, dust, dirt, germs and pollen in the lungs to keep them clean
Describe the long and short term effects of exercise on the body
- increases blood flow
- strengthens the lungs
- ensures better echange of gases
- muscles become more efficient due to use
- cells are constantly being replaced
stronger muscles = better health & lung capacity
petal
a modified leaf that protects and surrounds the reproductive parts of a flower
brightly coloured to attract pollinators & and are made of cellulose
carpel
the female reproductive organ of flowering plants
stamen
the male reproductive organ of flowering plants
sepal
small, leaf-shaped, green-coloured and outermost part of the flower
functions - protecting the rising buds, supporting petals when in bloom
receptacle
the part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached
stamen
the pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther.
anther
the part of the stamen where pollen is produced.
pistil
the ovule producing part of a flower. the ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. the mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed.
stigma
the part of the pistil where pollen germinates.
ovary
the enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.
ovule
plant structure that develops into a seed when fertilized
filament
a stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther
skeletal muscle
produces movement, maintains posture, stabilises joints and generates heat (shivering)
most common muscle type
smooth muscle
found in the walls of hollow organs - movement of digestive system - we cannot control this
cardiac muscle
special because it enables the heart to beat continuously without getting tired and without support from the brain
exists only in your heart
cartilage
a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones
synovial membrane
a thin barrier that lines the inside of some of your joints
the synovial fluid is within the synovial membrane
pelvis
symetrical, basin-shaped bones that protect digestive and reproductive organs
located between the abdomen and the legs
ligament
fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
synovial fluid
the collection of fluid confined within a joint space
it lubricates the joint space
elbow joint
the joint connecting the proper arm to the forearm
bends like a door hinge
pivot joint
joints that permit rotatory movement of bones, around a single axis
ball and socket joint
joint that lets you move your legs and arms in circles
lumen
the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine
plasma
the fluid part of blood that carries carbon dioxide and many other products in the blood stream
platelets
these cause clotting
