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Biology yr7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

seven functions of life

A

Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like substance. many of the cell’s activities take place here.

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3
Q

chloroplast

A

photosynthesis happen here. contains the green substance chlorophyll which absorbs light.

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4
Q

cell wall

A

made of cellulose. gives the cell a rigid structure.

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5
Q

cell membrane

A

controls what enters and exits the cell.

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6
Q

vacuole

A

contains cell sap

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7
Q

nucleus

A

where the genetic material is found.Contrls the activities of the cell.

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

where respiration happens. A chemical reaction which releases energy from food.

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9
Q

sperm cell

A
  1. long tail to swim to egg cells
  2. made in male’s testicles
  3. contains 1/2 of normal amount of DNA
  4. carries dad’s DNA to egg
  5. enzymes to help sperm to get to egg.
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10
Q

egg cell

A
  • contains yolk( embryo’s food source)
  • largest animal cell in human body
  • carries mum’s DNA
  • found in the ovaries
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11
Q

palisade cell

A
  • found in the top of a leaf.
  • tall and has a large surface area( to absorb sunlight faster)
  • packed with chloroplast
  • carries out photosynthesis
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12
Q

red blood cell

A
  • large surface area
  • contains haemoglobin
  • oxygenates cell
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13
Q

nerve cells

A
  • extremely elongated
  • several branches to connect to other cells
  • main branch -long axis is- covered in fat to prevent electrical impulses affecting other body parts
  • carries nerve impulses around the body.
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14
Q

root hair cell

A
  • found in plant roots
  • thin cell wall allows water to easily pass through
  • large surface area
  • absorbs minerals/water from soil
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15
Q

ciliated cell

A
  • stops lung damage
  • sweeps mucus with dust/ bacteria back to the throat to be swallowed
  • found in air passages down to the lungs
  • smoking causes hair to die
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16
Q

What is Respiration ?

A

respiration is the chemical reaction which occurs in every living cell to release energy from the food you eat using the oxygen that you breathe in.

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17
Q

respiration formula

A

Glucouse+Oxygen—-> Carbon di oxide+ water +energy

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18
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

when body cells are not supplied with enough oxygen to perform aerobic respiration they can, for a time, perform anaerobic respiration- without oxygen.

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19
Q

anaerobic respiration formula

A

Glucose—->Lactic acid+ small amount of energy

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20
Q

oxygen debt formula

A

Lactic acid+ Oxygen—> Carbon di oxide+water

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21
Q

alveoli

A

the air sacs in the lungs are known as aveoli.Under microscope they appear like a bunch of grapes.

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22
Q

bronchi

A

the two bronchi are passages that lead into the lungs from the trachea.

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23
Q

diaphragm

A

a muscular sheet found at the base of the lungs. It contracts when we breathe in.

24
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap at the top of the throat that prevents food going down the trachea during swallowing

25
Q

intercostal muscles

A

the rib muscles that causes raising of the rib- cage as we inspire , that is, to breathe in

26
Q

larynx

A

voice box in the throat

27
Q

trachea

A

wind- pipe covered in protective rings of cartilage that provide support

28
Q

Function of Cilia

A

moves microbes and debris up and out of the airway

29
Q

Function of mucus

A

thin fluid, keeps organs moist, traps, dust, dirt, germs and pollen in the lungs to keep them clean

30
Q

Describe the long and short term effects of exercise on the body

A
  1. increases blood flow
  2. strengthens the lungs
  3. ensures better echange of gases
  4. muscles become more efficient due to use
  5. cells are constantly being replaced

stronger muscles = better health & lung capacity

31
Q

petal

A

a modified leaf that protects and surrounds the reproductive parts of a flower

brightly coloured to attract pollinators & and are made of cellulose

32
Q

carpel

A

the female reproductive organ of flowering plants

33
Q

stamen

A

the male reproductive organ of flowering plants

34
Q

sepal

A

small, leaf-shaped, green-coloured and outermost part of the flower

functions - protecting the rising buds, supporting petals when in bloom

35
Q

receptacle

A

the part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached

36
Q

stamen

A

the pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther.

37
Q

anther

A

the part of the stamen where pollen is produced.

38
Q

pistil

A

the ovule producing part of a flower. the ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. the mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed.

39
Q

stigma

A

the part of the pistil where pollen germinates.

40
Q

ovary

A

the enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced.

41
Q

ovule

A

plant structure that develops into a seed when fertilized

42
Q

filament

A

a stalk-like structure that attaches to the base of the flower and supports the anther

43
Q

skeletal muscle

A

produces movement, maintains posture, stabilises joints and generates heat (shivering)

most common muscle type

44
Q

smooth muscle

A

found in the walls of hollow organs - movement of digestive system - we cannot control this

45
Q

cardiac muscle

A

special because it enables the heart to beat continuously without getting tired and without support from the brain

exists only in your heart

46
Q

cartilage

A

a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones

47
Q

synovial membrane

A

a thin barrier that lines the inside of some of your joints

the synovial fluid is within the synovial membrane

48
Q

pelvis

A

symetrical, basin-shaped bones that protect digestive and reproductive organs

located between the abdomen and the legs

49
Q

ligament

A

fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

50
Q

synovial fluid

A

the collection of fluid confined within a joint space

it lubricates the joint space

51
Q

elbow joint

A

the joint connecting the proper arm to the forearm

bends like a door hinge

52
Q

pivot joint

A

joints that permit rotatory movement of bones, around a single axis

53
Q

ball and socket joint

A

joint that lets you move your legs and arms in circles

54
Q

lumen

A

the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine

55
Q

plasma

A

the fluid part of blood that carries carbon dioxide and many other products in the blood stream

56
Q

platelets

A

these cause clotting

Science (8 decks)

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