Biology Y9 Cells Flashcards
what is a cell
the smallest functional unit of living matter
what do all cells have
cell membrane with a cytoplasm in it surrounding the organelles
organelles
subcellular structures
eukaryotic
a cell whose DNA is in a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles
organelles visible under a light microscope vs under an electron microscope
light: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, cell wall
e: + mitochondria, ribosomes
examples of prokaryotes
examples of eukaryotes
bacteria, archaea
animals, plants, fungi, protists
what type of organisms are prokaryotes & eukaryotes
p: single-celled
e: some single, mostly multicellular
calculate magnification
image size/actual size
function of cell membrane
controls what goes in/out of the cell
function of cytoplasm
site of most chemical reactions, has a role in maintaining cell size
function of nucleus
contains DNA (genetic material) and chromosomes, controls functions of cell
function of ribosomes
site of proteinsynthesis (where proteins are made)
function of mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration
function of cell wall
resists osmotic pressure
maintains turgor
stops cell bursting if too much water gets in
function of permanent vacuole
stores cell sap, maintains correct water potential
3 marks:
when filled with cell sap
it puts pressure on cell wall
keeping the cell rigid / supporting plant
function of chloroplast
site of photosynthesis
which organelles are in animal cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria
which organelles are in plant cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell wall (cellulose), permanent vacuole, cloroplasts
which organelles are in fungal cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell wall (chitin)
which organelles are in protist cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, cell wall (cellulose), chloroplasts
which organelles are in bacteria cells
cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall (peptydoglycan), plasmids
