Biology Y09 Spr1

Question 1

1.1 Put these in order of size smallest to largest- tissue, organism, cell, organ system, organ.

Answer 1

cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

1.2 What is an enzyme?

Answer 2

a protein which catalyses (speeds up) reactions in the body

Question 3

1.3 What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 3

all enzymes are specific to their substrate which fit into their active sites

Question 4

1.4 What does amylase do?

Answer 4

breaks down starch into glucose

Question 5

1.5 What does protease do?

Answer 5

breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 6

1.6 What does lipase do?

Answer 6

breaks down lipase into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 7

1.7 What is the function of bile?

Answer 7

bile emulsifies fat and neutralises stomach acid

Question 8

1.8 What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 8

gas exchange (diffusion of oxygen into the blood, diffusion of carbon dioxide out of the blood into the alveoli)

Question 9

1.9 What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 9

two separate circuits- to lungs and to body; the blood passes through the heart twice

Question 10

1.1 What is an artificial pacemaker?

Answer 10

An electrical device which controls heart beat

Question 11

1.11 What are the functions of each of the blood vessels?

Answer 11

Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the tissues. Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries carry blood to and from the body cells.

Question 12

2.1 What are the four components of the blood?

Answer 12

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 13

2.2 Which organs are affected by cardiovascular diseases?

Answer 13

heart, boood vessels and lungs

Question 14

2.3 Describe the treatment for faulty valves.

Answer 14

replacement with biological or mechanical valves

Question 15

2.4 Describe treatment for heart failure

Answer 15

heart transplant, or artificial hearts

Question 16

2.5 What causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 16

build up of fatty layers in the coronary arteries

Question 17

2.6 Why does coronary heart disease affect the function of heart muscle tissue?

Answer 17

less blood is able to flow to the heart muscles, so they do not get the substances they need (oxygen and glucose)

Question 18

2.7 What is meristem tissue?

Answer 18

stem cells- undifferentiated plant cells

Question 19

2.8 Where is meristem tissue found?

Answer 19

tips of roots and shoots

Question 20

2.9 What is transpiration?

Answer 20

evaporation of water and loss through stomata of leaf

Question 21

2.1 What is translocation?

Answer 21

the movement of sugars around the plant in the phloem.