Biology Week 1 Part 2: Prokaryotic Cells

Question 1

Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 1

• Unicellular or simple multicellular organisms
• Lack of membrane-bound organelles
• No nucleus
• Large surface area to volume ratio
  
  • Can take in and release materials efficiently and can rapidly reproduce
• Contains a singular, circular DNA chromosome

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

internal fluid component of the cell

Question 3

Nucleoid

Answer 3

Region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is located

Question 4

Plasmids

Answer 4

Circular DNA molecules that are found in cells like bacteria, and can transfer genes.

Question 5

Binary Fission

Answer 5

Form of asexual reproduction used by prokaryotic cells (the parent cell duplicates its genetic material and then divides into two identical daughter cells)

Question 6

Slime capsule:

Answer 6

A protective layer or coating made of a slimy substance.
- It helps these bacteria survive in harsh environments and protects them from other threats.

Question 7

Flagella

Answer 7

Long, slender projection containing a motor protein that enables movement

Question 8

Pili:

Answer 8

Hair-like extension that enables attach to surfaces or regulate conjugation (a process in which bacteria can directly share genetic material with each other, allowing them to exchange traits and acquire new characteristics.)