Biology Week 1 Part 1: Cell Theory and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Cell
A
The smallest unit of life that can perform all the functions necessary of life
2
Q
3 Points of Cell Theory
A
- All living things are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
- New cells are produced from existing cells.
3
Q
Eukaryotic Cells
A
- Organelles are membrane-bound
- Contains Nucleus
- Animal and plant cells
4
Q
Plasma Membrane
A
- Surrounds the cell forming a boundary between the cell contents and the environment
- Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
5
Q
Ribosomes
A
Synthesis of proteins (polypeptides)
6
Q
Mitochondria
A
- The site of cellular respiration (the production of ATP, which is an energy molecule)
7
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Synthesis, folding and modification of proteins
8
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Synthesis and creation of lipids
- Carbohydrate metabolism (The processes in which carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, are broken down and converted into energy or stored for later use)
- Detoxification of drugs and poison
9
Q
Golgi apparatus
A
- Sorting, packaging and storage of proteins and lipids
- Transport these materials in the vesicles through the cell
10
Q
Nucleus
A
- Contains most of the cell’s genetic material which regulates all the activities in the cell
11
Q
Nucleolus
A
- Synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA
12
Q
Centrioles
A
- Involved in organizing microtubule assembly ( tiny tube-like structures made up of proteins called tubulin, which provide structural support and help with various functions inside cells.)
13
Q
Vacuoles and Vesicles:
A
Storing substances like water, nutrients or waste
- Maintain cell structure/volume
14
Q
Cytoplasm
A
- jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell, excluding the nucleus
- Provides support for cellular processes
15
Q
The Cell Cytoskeleton:
A
- Network throughout the cytoplasm
- Shape and mechanical support for the cell
- Regulating cellular activities
- Involved in cell movement
16
Q
Chloroplasts (Plant Only)
A
- Site of photosynthesis (how plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into nutrients)
- Contain DNA
17
Q
The Cell Wall (Plant Cells):
A
- Surrounds the cell, lies outside plasma membrane
- Protects the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Prevents excessive water uptake
18
Q
Lysosomes: (Animal Cells)
A
- Intracellular digestion of macromolecules
- Recycling of cellular components
19
Q
Cilia: (Animal Cells)
A
- To move water and fluids along the surface of the cells
20
Q
Flagella: (Animal Cells)
A
- Tail/whip found on cells that enables the cell to move
