Biology Week 1 Part 1: Cell Theory and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The smallest unit of life that can perform all the functions necessary of life

Question 2

3 Points of Cell Theory

Answer 2

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 3

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 3

• Organelles are membrane-bound
• Contains Nucleus
• Animal and plant cells

Question 4

Plasma Membrane

Answer 4

• Surrounds the cell forming a boundary between the cell contents and the environment
• Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Synthesis of proteins (polypeptides)

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

• The site of cellular respiration (the production of ATP, which is an energy molecule)

Question 7

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

• Synthesis, folding and modification of proteins

Question 8

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

• Synthesis and creation of lipids
• Carbohydrate metabolism (The processes in which carbohydrates, such as sugars and starches, are broken down and converted into energy or stored for later use)
• Detoxification of drugs and poison

Question 9

Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

• Sorting, packaging and storage of proteins and lipids
• Transport these materials in the vesicles through the cell

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

• Contains most of the cell’s genetic material which regulates all the activities in the cell

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

• Synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

• Involved in organizing microtubule assembly ( tiny tube-like structures made up of proteins called tubulin, which provide structural support and help with various functions inside cells.)

Question 13

Vacuoles and Vesicles:

Answer 13

Storing substances like water, nutrients or waste
- Maintain cell structure/volume

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

• jelly-like substance that fills the interior of a cell, excluding the nucleus
• Provides support for cellular processes

Question 15

The Cell Cytoskeleton:

Answer 15

• Network throughout the cytoplasm
• Shape and mechanical support for the cell
• Regulating cellular activities
• Involved in cell movement

Question 16

Chloroplasts (Plant Only)

Answer 16

• Site of photosynthesis (how plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into nutrients)
• Contain DNA

Question 17

The Cell Wall (Plant Cells):

Answer 17

• Surrounds the cell, lies outside plasma membrane
• Protects the cell
• Maintains cell shape
• Prevents excessive water uptake

Question 18

Lysosomes: (Animal Cells)

Answer 18

• Intracellular digestion of macromolecules
• Recycling of cellular components

Question 19

Cilia: (Animal Cells)

Answer 19

• To move water and fluids along the surface of the cells

Question 20

Flagella: (Animal Cells)

Answer 20

• Tail/whip found on cells that enables the cell to move