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S3 > Biology- unit 3 (ecosystems) > Flashcards

Biology- unit 3 (ecosystems) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a species

A

Group of organisms that interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of organisms on earth

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3
Q

What is population

A

Number of particular species

- SAME species

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4
Q

What is a producer

A

Green plant

Photosynthesises to make food

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5
Q

What are consumers

A

Eat other plants or animals for energy

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6
Q

What is a carnivore

A

Eats animals

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7
Q

What is a herbivore

A

Eats plants

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8
Q

Omnivore ?

A

Eats both plants and animals

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9
Q

Predator ?

A

Hunts for animals for food

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10
Q

Prey?

A

Is hunted for food

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11
Q

What is a food chain

A

Shows feeding relationships and energy flow

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12
Q

What is a ecosystem

A

Consists of all the organisms living in a particular area and the non-living components which the organisms interact

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13
Q

What is a habitat

A

Where an organism lives

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14
Q

Community?

A

All the plants and animals in the ecosystem

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15
Q

What is a niche

A

The role that an organism plays within a community

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16
Q

What is competition

A

When resources are in short supply

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17
Q

Intraspecific competition?

A

SAME SPECIES

ALL RESOURCES REQUIRED

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18
Q

Interspacific competition

A

DIFFERENT SPECIES

ONE OR FEW RESOURCES

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19
Q

List examples of biotic factors

A

Competition
Disease
Grazing
Predation

20
Q

List abiotic factors

A

Light intensity
Soil moisture
pH
Temperature

21
Q

List two ways to sample plants or animals and say how they are suitable

A

Quadrats- growing plants and slow moving insects

Pitfall traps - small surface dwelling intervertebrates

22
Q

What is an indicator species

A

Species that indicate environmental levels of pollution

23
Q

Write the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water ——-> sugar + oxygen

Light energy

24
Q

Name the 2 stages

A

Light reaction

Carbon fixation

25
Q

Describe the steps of stage 1

A

Light energy trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts
Converted into chemical energy - to generate ATP [used in stage 2]

Water is then split to produce hydrogen and oxygen [ oxygen diffuses from cell]

26
Q

Describe stage 2

A

Enzyme controlled reaction

Uses hydrogen and ATP with carbon dioxide to produce sugar - glucose

27
Q

What does the plant do with the sugar

A

Available for respiration
Starch (storage)
Cellulose (structural)

28
Q

What are limiting factors

A

Anything that when in short supply can limit/reduce the rate of reaction

29
Q

List the limiting factors in photosynthesis

A

Temperature
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration

30
Q

What do fertilisers provide

A

Nitrates

31
Q

What is a fertiliser

A

Add extra nutrients to soil to increase crop yields

32
Q

Name negative impacts of fertilisers

A

Bacteria uses up large amounts of oxygen

Can leach into water - adding unwanted and extra nitrates

33
Q

What is a pesticide

A

Chemicals sprayed on crops to prevent damage from pests

Animals and plants can be killed

34
Q

What are nitrates used for

A

Produce amino acids which are synthesised into plant proteins

35
Q

What is a mutation

A

A random change to genetic material

36
Q

What environmental factors can increase the rate of mutation.

A

Radiation and chemicals

37
Q

Describe mutations

A

Spontaneous and the only source of new alleles

38
Q

What does variation do within a population

A

Make it possible to evolve overtime

39
Q

What is natural selection

A

Species produce more offspring than a environment can sustain
The best adapted individuals will survive to reproduce- eg moths

40
Q

What can variation and adaptation result in

A

Plants and animals becoming better adapted to their environment

41
Q

What does variation in a population make possible

A

Population to evolve overtime

42
Q

What is adaptation

A

A characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment

43
Q

What is speciation

A

When part of a population becomes isolated by a barrier

44
Q

What will an isolation barrier prevent

A

Organisms reproducing and sharing genes

45
Q

Give 2 geographical examples

A

River

Mountains

46
Q

Give 2 ecological examples

A

pH

Temperature

47
Q

What does a sub-population do

A

Evolve until they become so genetically different that they are two different species - no longer reproduce

S3 (6 decks)

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