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S3 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activity

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of chemical reaction

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Control which substances leave and enter the cell

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration

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5
Q

Ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives the cell support - made of glucose

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7
Q

Vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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8
Q

Chloroplast

A

The site of photosynthesis- glucose is produced

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9
Q

What are plant cells made of

A

Cellulose

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10
Q

What are cells

A

The building blocks of all living organisms

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11
Q

Name the four types of cells

A

Animal , plant , fungal and bacterial

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12
Q

What are plasmids

A

Small pieces of DNA that allow genetic materials to be transferred from one bacterial cell to another

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13
Q

What is circular DNA

A

Floats around in the cytoplasm

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14
Q

What cell does not have a nucleus

A

Bacterial

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15
Q

How many chromosomes does each human cell have

A

46

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16
Q

What kind of cells result from uncontrolled cell division

A

Cancer cells

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17
Q

What are stem cells

A

Unspecialised cells that have the ability to divide to self renew

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18
Q

What are the three characteristics of a stem cell

A
  1. The ability to self renew

2. The ability to develop into new specialised cells

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19
Q

What are the three characteristics of a stem cell

A
  1. The ability to self renew
  2. The ability to develop into new specialised cells
  3. There long life span
20
Q

What are embryonic stem cells

A

Cells that can develop into any type of cells

21
Q

What does the cell membrane contain

A

Protein and phospholipid molecules

22
Q

Where are the protein molecules found

A

Embedded in the two layers of phospholipids

23
Q

What is the cell membrane described as

A

Selectively permeable

24
Q

What does selectively permeable mean

A

Only lets some substances through but not others

25
Q

Name three substances that can pass through the membrane

A

Water , oxygen , glucose , amino acids or carbon dioxide

26
Q

What are the two substances that cannot pass through the membrane

A

Starch and protein

27
Q

How do carbon dioxide and water leave the cell

A

Via the cell membrane

28
Q

Name the two types of passive transport

A

Diffusion and osmosis

29
Q

Describe passive transport

A

It occurs down a concentration gradient and does not require energy

30
Q

Describe the process of diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower concentration

31
Q

If the concentration of sugar was 75% what would be the concentration of water

A

25%

32
Q

If the concentration of salt was 27% what would be the concentration of water

A

73%

33
Q

Describe the process of osmosis

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules down a concentration gradient from a higher to a lower water concentration

34
Q

What are the steps of percentage change

A
  1. Work out the difference between the two numbers
  2. Divide the difference by the original number
  3. Multiply by 100
35
Q

Does active transport require energy

A

No

36
Q

Describe active transport

A

Active transport requires energy for the membrane proteins to move molecules and ions AGAINST the concentration gradient

37
Q

What way does active transport move

A

Lower to higher

38
Q

What happens if animal cells are immersed in concentrated salt solution

A

The cell becomes shrivelled

39
Q

What happens if an animal cell is immersed in water

A

The cells swell and eventually burst

40
Q

What happens if an animal cell is immersed in water

A

The cells swell and eventually burst

41
Q

Why is cell division essential

A

To allow organisms to grow and repair

42
Q

What happens during cell division

A

The parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

43
Q

Describe the 1st and 2nd step in mitosis

A
  1. Long uncoiled chromosomes in the nucleus replicate

2. Chromosomes shorten and thicken

44
Q

Describe the 3rd and 4th step of mitosis

A
  1. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

4. Pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart

45
Q

Describe the 5th and 6th step of mitosis

A
  1. Nuclear membrane reforms

6. The cytoplasm divides and two identical daughter cells form

46
Q

How to you calculate cell size

A

Field of view (FOV) divided by the number of cells

S3 (6 decks)

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