Biology- the heart Flashcards
How is blood transported around the body
It is pumped around the body and is transported in blood vessels
In mammals what does the blood contain
Plasma , red blood cells and white blood cells
What does the blood transport
Nutrients , oxygen and carbon dioxide
How are red blood cells specialised
Biconcave in shape
No nucleus
Contain haemoglobin
When oxygen is added with haemoglobin what is created
Oxyhaemoglobin
What is the function of haemoglobin
It binds with oxygen where the oxygen concentration is high and forms oxyhaemoglobin
Blood with a high concentration of oxygen is described as ….
Oxygenated
Describe white blood cells
White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens
What do phagocytes carry out
Phagocytosis
What do some lymphocytes produce
Antibodies to destroy pathogens
Is each pathogens specific to a particular antibody
Yes
Do the arteries carry blood away or into the heart
Away
Do veins carry blood into or away from the heart
Into
Describe two features of the arteries
Thick muscular walls
Narrow channel
Describe two features of the veins
Thin walls
Wider channel
What blood vessel contain valves
Veins
what is the function of valves
To prevent the backflow of blood
What do capillaries do
Form networks at organs and tissues
Name two features of the capillaries
Thin walls
Large surface area
What does forming networks at tissues do
Allows efficient exchange of materials
What is the heart
A muscular organ
What is the hearts function
To pump blood
The heart consists of four chambers names….
Right and left arteries
Right and left ventricles
The blood going into the vena cava (vein) is oxygenated or deoxygenated?
Deoxygenated
The blood going in the pulmonary vein and out the aorta is oxygenated or deoxygenated
Oxygenated
The blood coming out the pulmonary artery is oxygenated or deoxygenated
Deoxygenated
Name the pathway of oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Name the pathway of deoxygenated blood
Body Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs
does the vena cava carry blood into or away from the heart
Into the heart - because it’s a vein
does the vena cava carry blood into or away from the heart
Into the heart - because it’s a vein
does the vena cava carry blood into or away from the heart
Into the heart - because it’s a vein
Does the pulmonary vein carry blood into the heart of lungs
Lungs
what do the coronary arteries supply the heart with
Oxygen and glucose to ensure the muscle cells respire
what could happen of the coronary arteries were blocked
A heart attack
What must happen for respiration
Oxygen and nutrients from food must be absorbed into the blood stream to be delivered to cells
what allows the exchange of materials at cellular levels
Tissues that contain capillary networks
What do the surfaces involved in the absorption of materials have in common
Large surface area
Thin walls
Extensive blood supply
These all increase the efficiency of absorption
What do the surfaces involved in the absorption of materials have in common
Large surface area
Thin walls
Extensive blood supply
These all increase the efficiency of absorption
What are lungs
Gas exchange organs
What do they consist of
A large number of alveoli which provides a large surface area
What are oxygen and carbon dioxide absorbed through
Thin alveolar walls to or from the many blood capillaries
What do alveolis have
Large surface area
Thin walls
Extensive blood supply
What to cells in the lining of the trachea , bronchi and bronchioles produce
Sticky mucus
What does sticky mucus do
Traps dirt and microbes
What is digestion
When larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
What is peristalsis
The process used to move food through the digestive system
What is absorption
The movement of digested food molecules through the walk of the intestine into the blood
Where are the nutrients from food absorbed
Into the villi in the small intestine
What does the number of thin walled villi provide
A large surface area
What does the large surface area and thin walls absorb
Glucose and amino acids
What does the network of capillaries absorb
Glucose and amino acids
What does the lacteal absorb
Fatty acids and glycerol
