Biology Topic 6 - 1/2

Question 1

What is a gene

Answer 1

small section of DNA which codes for a specific protein

Question 2

What do genes tell cells

Answer 2

Genes tell cells in what order to put amino acids together

Question 3

What is a DNA

Answer 3

The chemical that contains the genetic information which is coded information which determines your inherited characteristic from parents

Question 4

What is a Genome

Answer 4

The set of genetic information in an organism

Question 5

What are 3 reasons as to why scientists need to understand the human genome

Answer 5

1. Allows scientists to identify which gene in genome is liked to different types of disease
2. To know which gene is linked to inherited diseases and to help develop effective treatment
3. To trace migration of certain populations of people

Question 6

How many chromosomes does each gamete contain

Answer 6

23 chromosomes

Question 7

What happens during Sexual Reproduction

Answer 7

Fusion of male and female gametes so offspring contains a mixture of parent genes so 46 chromosomes. There is genetic variation between child and parents. Process happens by meiosis

Question 8

How do Flowering plants Reproduce

Answer 8

The egg cell and the pollen cell fuse together and fertilisation takes place

Question 9

Define Asexual Reproduction

Answer 9

There is only one parent. There is no fusion of gametes and no mixing of chromosomes and no genetic variation between child and parent and the child is genetically identical to parent so they are clones. (happens in bacteria, plants and animals)

Question 10

Describe the process during Meiosis

Answer 10

1. Genetic information duplicates forming 2 armed chromosome where each arm is the exact copy of the other.
2. Chromosomes arranged in pairs
3. in first division, the chromosomes line up in centre
4. Chromosome pairs pulled apart and cytoplasm and cell memebrane split so each cell has one pair of each chromosome
5. In the second division, the chromosomes line up in the middle and the arms of the chromosome are pulled apart
6. The cytoplasm and cell membrane split forming 4 gametes each with a single set of chromosome

Question 11

What controls your sex

Answer 11

You have 23 pairs of chromosomes and 22 pairs control characteristics. the 22nd pair determines your sex which are labelled XX or XY

Question 12

What chromosomes do Males have

Answer 12

Males have X and Y chromosome - Y chromosomes causes male characteristics

Question 13

What chromosomes do Females have

Answer 13

Females have X and X - X chromosome

Question 14

What does the punnet square diagram show

Answer 14

This shows all the possible genetic outcomes