Biology Topic 5 - 2/2 Flashcards
What are Hormones
Chemical messengers sent into blood and only affect target organs
What is the role of the endocrine system
The endocrine system consists of 6 glands which secrete hormones around the body through the bloodstream
What is the role of Testes
Produces testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production
What is the role of Ovaries
Produces oestrogen which is involved in menstrual cycle
What is the role of Thyroid
Produces thyroxine which involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism, temperature and heart rate
What is the role of Pancreas
Produces insulin which regulates your blood glucose level
What is the role of Adrenal Gland
Produces adrenaline which prepares the body for the fight or flight response
What is the role of the Pituitary gland
Produces many hormones which regulates body conditions. This is called the master gland because the hormones act on other glands directing them to release hormones which bring about change
What happens when the level of blood glucose is too high
The pancreas detects this and produces and releases insulin into the blood. Insulin triggers the body cells to absorb the glucose and also triggers the liver to store excess glucose in the form of glycogen which is insoluble
What happens when the level of blood glucose is too low
The pancreas detects this change and releases glucagon in the blood stream. The glucagon stimulates the liver cell to convert glycogen into glucose which is released in the blood which causes the level to raise to optimum level
What is type 1 diabetes and how can it be treated
Type 1 diabetes is when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin which means that there is more glucose in the blood. Patients have to inject themselves with insulin
What is type 2 diabetes and how can it be treated and what is the risk factor
Type 2 diabetes is when the body cells do not respond d to insulin production by the pancreas. The patients are treated with a diet which is controls the level of carbohydrates and are encouraged to exercise. The risk factor is obesity
What is ovulation
When every 28 days, an egg is released from the ovary
What happens to the uterus lining when a egg is released
In preparation for an egg being released, the uterus lining becomes thick and spongy the egg makes it down to the uterus
What happens when an egg is released by the ovary and a sperm is present
If a sperm is present, when the egg reaches the uterus, the egg is fertilised and implants the uterus wall and develops a baby
What happens when an egg is released by the ovary and a sperm is present but does not get fertilised
If the egg does not get fertilised by the sperm, the egg and the uterus lining are released in the form of blood which is called a period
What is the role of a Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Causes an egg to mature in the ovary
What is the role of the Luteinising hormone (LH)
Causes the egg to be released or called ovulation
What is the role of the Oestrogen Hormone
ContainsProgesterone maintains the uterus lining in case the egg fertilised and implants
What is contraception
Contraception is the use of medicine which prevents the body from producing FSH follicle stimulating hormones so it prevents the eggs from maturing
What are advantages, disadvantages and side effects of contraception
Advantages is that it is highly effective if taken correctly
Disadvantages is that it must be taken everyday or there is a risk of pregnancy
Risk factors are risk of breast cancer and blood clots
What are three hormonal forms of contraception
Implants, injection and skin patch
What is the use of the hormonal forms of contraception
Contain progesterone which stops eggs from maturing in the ovaries and being released
