Biology - Topic 2 - Cells and Control

Question 1

What type of cell division forms two identical daughter cells?

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

In which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated?

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

In which stage of the cell cycle, at the end of mitosis, does the one cell divide into two?

Answer 3

Cytokinesis

Question 4

What term describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes?

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

Define the term ‘growth’.

Answer 5

An increase in cell number and size

Question 6

How are roots adapted to absorbing water and mineral salts from the ground?

Answer 6

Root hair cells have long extensions into the soil that increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 7

Where are plant meristems found?

Answer 7

Tips of plant shoots and roots (also just inside bark of trees)

Question 8

What happens in a plant meristem?

Answer 8

Cells divide rapidly by mitosis as the plant grows.

Question 9

What type of cell is found in meristems?

Answer 9

unspecialised/stem cells

Question 10

What happens during cell differentiation?

Answer 10

Cells develop special features that help them carry out a particular function.

Question 11

Why is cell differentiation important to plants and animals?

Answer 11

Specialised cells are more effective at carrying out different functions in the body.

Question 12

A root hair cell is a specialised cell. What is its function?

Answer 12

To absorb water and dissolved mineral salts from the soil

Question 13

How is a root hair cell specialised to carry out its function?

Answer 13

It has a long extension into the soil that increases the surface area for absorption.

Question 14

What is the function of a xylem vessel?

Answer 14

To carry water and mineral salts through the plant

Question 15

Explain how one specialisation of a xylem vessel helps it carry out its function.

Answer 15

any one from: thickened wall to prevent collapse of tube/withstand pressure of water; no cell cytoplasm and lost cell walls to form long tubes through which water flows up the plant; small holes in thick cell wall so water can pass into and out of the vessel from surrounding cells

Question 16

Name one feature, other than mass, that could be measured to show growth in a plant.

Answer 16

any suitable measure that will show change over time, such as: height, tree girth, leaf area, number of leaves

Question 17

What type of cell has the ability to differentiate into specialised cells?

Answer 17

Stem cells

Question 18

In what organ system would you find nerve

cells?

Answer 18

The nervous system

Question 19

Are nerve cells diploid or haploid?

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

What part of a nerve cell contains

chromosomes?

Answer 20

Nucleus

Question 21

Nerve cells require a lot of energy. What cell structure would you expect them to have a lot of?

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

What is a nerve cell specialised to do?

Answer 22

Carry electrical signals/impulses

Question 23

List your senses.

Answer 23

Touch, hearing, sight, taste, smell, balance,

temperature and plenty of others

Question 24

State the name of one organ in the nervous system.

Answer 24

Brain, spinal cord or nerves or a named sense organ eg. eyes or skin

Question 25

What type of cells is the brain mainly made up of?

Answer 25

Neurones, nerve cells

Question 26

What part of the brain controls our senses and emotions?

Answer 26

Cerebral cortex

Question 27

State one thing that the cerebellum controls.

Answer 27

Balance, posture or fine motor movements

Question 28

Where is the medulla oblongata in relation to the spinal cord?

Answer 28

At the top of the spinal cord

Question 29

Which part of the brain controls the rate of the heart?

Answer 29

medulla oblongata

Question 30

What part of the brain stores our memories?

Answer 30

cerebral cortex

Question 31

Apart from bundles of neurones, what else does a nerve contain?

Answer 31

Blood vessels

Question 32

What name is given to an electrical signal

transmitted by a neurone?

Answer 32

Impulse

Question 33

Which part of the brain controls the rate of

breathing?

Answer 33

Medulla oblongata

Question 34

Which cerebral hemisphere receives information from the right eye?

Answer 34

Left

Question 35

What type of cells detect stimuli?

Answer 35

Receptor cells

Question 36

In which sense organ would you find receptor cells that detect light waves?

Answer 36

Eye

Question 37

List, in order, the organs that an impulse goes through from the hand to the brain.

Answer 37

nerve(s), spinal cord

Question 38

What are the two long ‘arms’ of a sensory

neurone called?

Answer 38

Dendron and axon

Question 39

List, in order, the parts of a sensory neurone that an impulse goes through.

Answer 39

dendrite, dendron, axon, axon terminal

Question 40

Why are sensory neurones so long?

Answer 40

to carry impulses quickly over long distances

Question 41

What is the name of the fatty sheath that

surrounds dendrons and axons?

Answer 41

Myelin sheath

Question 42

What does the myelin sheath do?

Answer 42

speeds up transmission of impulses, insulates neurones from each other

Question 43

Where in the eye are receptor cells for light

found?

Answer 43

Retina

Question 44

An effector is part of the body that carried out a response due to a stimulus. Suggest the name of one effector.

Answer 44

muscle or gland