Biology Topic 1- Organisation, Cells and Microsocopy

Question 1

What are cells?

Answer 1

The basic building blocks of all living organisms

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

a group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 3

What type of cells are plant and animal? + features

Answer 3

eukaryotic - they have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material (DNA) enclosed in a nucleus

Question 4

Function of nucleus

Answer 4

controls activities of the cell and contains the genetic material

Question 5

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 5

Where most chemical reactions take place

Question 6

Function of Cell membrane

Answer 6

Controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It also contains receptor molecules.

Question 7

Function of mitochondria

Answer 7

where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 8

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 8

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 9

Function of Chloroplasts

Answer 9

absorb light to make food via photosynthesis

Question 10

Function of cell wall

Answer 10

Strengthens the cell (made of cellulose)

Question 11

Function of vacuole

Answer 11

Filled with cell sap

Question 12

What do Plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 12

Chloroplast, permanent vacuole, cell wall

Question 13

Specialised features of sperm cells

Answer 13

Tail to swim, lots of mitochondria for energy, digestive enzymes in the acrosome to break through egg

Question 14

Specialised features of Nerve cells

Answer 14

Very long to carry electrical impulses,

Question 15

Specialised features of muscle cells

Answer 15

Lot’s of mitochondria for contraction, muscle fibres that slide over each other

Question 16

Specialised features of phloem cells

Answer 16

sieve plates, hollow allows things to pass through

Question 17

specialised features of xylem

Answer 17

Dead and hollow, allows things to pass through

Question 18

Specialised features of root hair cells

Answer 18

Finger-like protrusion that increases surface area, increases rate of absorption

Question 19

What type of cell are bacteria?

Answer 19

Prokaryotic

Question 20

Structure of prokaryotic cell?

Answer 20

Much smaller, have cytoplasm and a cell wall. No nucleus, single DNA loop and small rings of DNA called plasmids