Biology Test Review

Question 1

What is a habitat?

Answer 1

The place where an organism lives.

Question 2

What are the two types of habitats?

Answer 2

Terrestrial on land and aquatic in water

Question 3

How does Earth holds onto the gases near its surface (atmosphere)?

Answer 3

Earth’s mass and rotation creates a force of gravity for it to have an atmosphere.

Question 4

What gasses and percentages is our atmosphere made up of (3)?

Answer 4

1) Nitrogen - 78% 2) Oxygen - 21% 3) >1% - water vapour, carbon dioxide, argon & other gasses

Question 5

How is atmosphere critical to life on Earth?

Answer 5

it acts like a blanket and controls surface temperatures - no excessive heating during the day and cooling at night - blocks some incoming ultraviolet (UV) light that can cause cancer - without atmosphere most Earth’s species would not survive

Question 6

Lithosphere

Answer 6

rocky outer shell of Earth

Question 7

Hydrosphere

Answer 7

all water on, above and below Earth’s surface

Question 8

biosphere

Answer 8

where life exists in lithosphere (bugs in soil), atmosphere (birds), hydrosphere (fish)

Question 9

What is a definition for an ecosystem?

Answer 9

all living organisms that share a region and interact with each other and their non-living environment

Question 10

What does biotic mean?

Answer 10

living

Question 11

What does abiotic mean?

Answer 11

non-living

Question 12

What do human activities change?

Answer 12

the biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem

Question 13

What is the main source of energy on our planet? Explain

Answer 13

The sun. E.g. plants need it for photosynthesis. Small amount of radiant energy of 023% is used for photosynthesis

Question 14

What is the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

chemical process where sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy

Question 15

What organisms use the process of photosynthesis to make their own food? Explain how they can do that.

Answer 15

Producers (green plants) use chlorophyll that captures light energy and helps them make food (sugar-glucose). They also make oxygen that we need to survive.

Question 16

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 16

carbon dioxide + water + light energy → sugar (glucose) + oxygen

Question 17

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 17

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 18

What is the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 18

Cellular respiration takes place in all living organisms. Energy is released from food.

Question 19

What word equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 19

sugar (glucose) + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 20

What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 20

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

Question 21

What are consumers?

Answer 21

Organisms that don’t make their own food. They have to eat other organisms to get energy and building materials

Question 22

How much energy from what an organism eats is used at each trophic level?

Answer 22

10%.

Question 23

How much energy would be passed from one level to the next in this typical food chain of 1000 kJ of energy found in grass? grass → rabbit → fox → wolf

Answer 23

1000 kJ from grass makes 100 kJ of rabbit meat - 10 kJ of fox meat and 1 kJ of wolf meat

Question 24

What is an ecological niche?

Answer 24

role of species within its ecosystem, what it eats, what eats it, and how it behaves

Question 25

What is the easiest way to display how species interact with their environment?

Answer 25

food chains

Question 26

What is a trophic level?

Answer 26

feeding level, position on food chain

Question 27

What is a better way to display how species interact with their environment than food chains?

Answer 27

Food web, bc it shows many food chains and they are interconnected

Question 28

What is at the bottom of each food web? What is another name for them?

Answer 28

producers, bc they can photosynthesize

Question 29

What is the next trophic level from producers? What eats producers? Give examples

Answer 29

plant eaters are called primary consumers. E.g. rabbit, mice, deer, caterpillars

Question 30

What do we call the animals that eat plan eaters? Give examples.

Answer 30

herbivores or secondary consumers. E.g. foxes, wolves, robins and snakes

Question 31

What can you find at the top of the food chain? Give examples

Answer 31

tertiary consumers such as hawks, humans, tigers

Question 32

Why don't we include decomposers in a food web?

Answer 32

They break down everything at all levels when organisms die

Question 33

What are ecological pyramids for?

Answer 33

display relationships between trophic levels

Question 34

What does a pyramid of numbers show? What is an inverted pyramid of numbers?

Answer 34

number of organisms at each trophic level. Usually largest number is at the bottom. 1 000 000 grass blades → 50 rabbits → 5 foxes 1 tree → 2 000 caterpillars → 10 robbins → 1 hawk

Question 35

What is a carrying capacity?

Answer 35

max of population of particular species that given ecosystem can support

Question 36

What is a primary succession?

Answer 36

no soil present, begins with pioneer species such as lichens moving into the area, and then slowly more species move into the area

Question 37

What is a secondary succession?

Answer 37

after there was a disturbance to already developed ecosystem e.g. fire, soil was present

Question 38

What is biodiversity?

Answer 38

variety of life found in an area, counted by the number of species in an area. Diverse ecosystem will have high species richness

Question 39

What is the term extinct?

Answer 39

?

Question 40

What is the term extirpated?

Answer 40

?

Question 41

What is the term endangered?

Answer 41

?

Question 42

What is the term threatened?

Answer 42

?

Question 43

What is the term special concern?

Answer 43

?