Biology Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
produce seeds and fruits for the plant
A
flower
2
Q
formed on an enlarged end of a special stem
A
pedicel
3
Q
holds developing seeds
A
receptacle
4
Q
which are usually green in color, are the leaf-like structures attached to the edge of the receptacle
A
sepals
5
Q
most conspicuous part of a flower
A
petal
6
Q
organs that produce the pollen
A
stemans
7
Q
contains the reproductive cell
A
pollen
7
Q
male reproductive cell
A
sperm cell
8
Q
female reproductive cell
A
egg cell
9
Q
vase shaped structured of a flower; central part of a flower
A
pistil
10
Q
has petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils
A
complete flower
11
Q
lacks one of the four basic parts of a flower
A
incomplete flower
12
Q
any plant on which both staminate and pistillate flowers are produced in the same plant
A
monoecious
13
Q
produce staminate and pistillate flowers by different plants
A
dioecious
14
Q
most plants bear flowers in clusters
A
inflorescences
15
Q
the chief factor controlling flowering in most plants
A
daylight and night
16
Q
when the ovary is fully ripened
A
fruit
17
Q
the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a pistil
A
pollination
18
Q
seed bearing structures of plants
A
fruit
19
Q
when pollination happens in the same flower
A
self-pollination
20
Q
when pollination happens with another flower
A
cross-pollination
21
Q
a sweet tasting liquid produces by the flower
A
nectar
22
Q
have a red-and-white mottled coloring that gives them the appearance of raw meat
A
carrion flowers
23
Q
When this pollen is inhaled, it causes an allergic reaction in some people that is called
A
hay fever
24
the most important type of pollen that triggers hay fever
ragweed
25
The symptoms of hay fever are triggered when pollen within the respiratory system causes the release of a chemical messenger
histamines
26
Ovules begin developing into seeds only after a sperm cell brought by a pollen grain fuses with the egg cell within the ovule through what process
fertilization
27
the name for reproductive cells
gametes
28
reproduction in which the sperm cell and the egg cell unite
sexual reproduction
29
where does the pollen grain begin to form
pollen tube
30
One of the sperm cells unites with the egg cell, forming what?
embryo
31
a nutritional tissue that surrounds the fertilized egg and provides nourishment to the growing embryo
endosperm
32
which two sperm cells are required for reproduction, is unique to angiosperms
double fertilization
33
what is usually triggered by pollination and fertilization
formation of fruit
34
growing larger and developing fruit
ripening
35
they form from one flower that has only one pistil
simple fruits
36
form from one flower that has several pistils
aggregate fruits
37
form from several flowers
multiple fruits
38
fruits in which the entire ovary is fleshy
and juicy throughout
berries
39
have an outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer, called the stone, that surrounds the seed
drupes
40
fruits with an outer fleshy layer and
an inner papery core
pomes
41
fruits that consist of a
pod enclosing several seeds
legumes
42
consist of fleshy layers of ovary small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them
samaras
43
Simple dry fruits consisting of a seed enclosed in a hard covering, or shell
nuts
44
fruits consisting of a seed and a shell; thin shell
achenes
45
fruit of the grass family
grains
46
include berries, drupes, and pomes
simple fleshy fruits
47
include legumes, samaras, nuts, grains, and achenes
simple dry fruits
48
form from one flower that has several pistils
aggregate fruits
49
form from several flowers
Examples are the fig and the pineapple
multiple fruits
50
means to be able to germinate
viable
51
an outside agent carries the seeds
agent dispersal
52
the plant itself dispersal its own seeds alone
mechanical dispersal
53
the result of the flower and fruit formation
seeds
54
three main parts of a seed
1. embryo plant
2. endosperm
3. seed coat
55
provides nutrition for the seed
endosperm
56
provides a protective covering for the seed
seed coat
57
a tiny shoot for the plant that will form into the stem and leaves
plumule
58
develops into the the root system
radicle
59
the sprouting of a seed
germination
60
a period of inactivity
dormancy
61
taught at Tuskegee Institute and founds several ways that improved life with peanuts ect.
George Washington Carver
62
the principal parts of a flower
leaves, flowers, and stems
63
parts of the stem that grow in length or to develop new stems, flowers, or leaves
buds
64
protect the bud in winter from frost injury and from drying out
bud scale
65
rings that circle the stem; indicate where last year's growth started
bud-scale scar
66
areas where leaves are growing or have grown
nodes
67
indicate the passage points of vascular tissue from the stem to the petiole of the leaf
bundle scars
68
openings in the bark that allow air to enter the stem
lenticels
69
Stems grow in length at the tips of their branches
primary growth
70
a woody dicot has three areas
bark, wood, and pith
71
If you have a freshly cut, growing woody stem, you can easily peel the bark off. Underneath the bark, the stem is hard and white.
xylem
72
outside section of a woody stem
bark
73
innermost layer of the bark
phloem
74
lie between the bark and the wood
vascular cambium
75
The strong, resilient inner section of a woody stem
wood
76
simple system of water-conducting cells
tracheids
77
composed of relatively short, wide, often barrel-shaped cells joined end to end like concrete pipes
vessels
78
the center of the woody stem in a young plant
pith
79
older inner wood; useful only as support for the stem
heartwood
80
younger, functioning xylem tissue; usually lighter in color than the heartwood
sapwood
81
New wood is formed by the vascular cambium layer in the same manner that new phloem is produced. As can be expected, the production of new wood leads to an increase in the thickness of the tree trunk; this growth in width
secondary growth
82
Periods of faster and slower growth result in distinct layers of xylem
annual growth rings
83
the tissue in which the vascular bundles are embedded
cortex
84
outer covering of a monocot stem
rind
85
When a new plant starts to grow from a stem, leaf, or root
vegetative reproduction
86
no union of gametes
asexual reproduction
87
When a person uses vegetative reproductive
methods to start a new plant from a root, stem, or leaf, the process
vegetative propagation
88
is a piece of a stem or root
that can grow into a new plant
cutting
89
fastening a container of soil around the nodes of a stem to induce the stem to develop roots
layering
90
process of transplanting living tissue from one plant to another
grafting
91
kind of grafting in which the scion is a bud
budding
92
which is to be grafted onto a stem growing on another tree
scion
93
tree that receives the new stem
stock
94
allows seedlings to be produced from individual plant cells grown in the laboratory
tissue culturing
95
made up of a special stem and leaves designed to store food
bulb
96
plants have swollen stems
corms
97
Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction
rhizomes
98
grow quickly along the surface of the ground
stolon
99
provide the plant with food storage and a means of reproduction, while man benefits from their good nutrition
tuber
100
sharp special stems
thorns
101
which are commonly found in dicots, penetrate the soil with relatively little branching
taproots
102
have no main section but spread out with very thin roots, forming a tangled mass in shallow soil
fibrous roots
103
Some of the epidermal cells develop into long, finger-like projections
root hairs
104
root’s food-storage region
root cortex
105
contains xylem tissues, which carry water to the stem, and phloem tissues, which carry food back to the root
central vascular cylinder
106
At the tip of the root, providing a covering, is the
cone-shaped
root cap
107
process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
diffusion
108
diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
109
After root hairs absorb water by osmosis, the water and absorbed minerals must flow up through the xylem tubes; this upward flow
sap stream
