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Biology Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

produce seeds and fruits for the plant

A

flower

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2
Q

formed on an enlarged end of a special stem

A

pedicel

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3
Q

holds developing seeds

A

receptacle

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4
Q

which are usually green in color, are the leaf-like structures attached to the edge of the receptacle

A

sepals

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5
Q

most conspicuous part of a flower

A

petal

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6
Q

organs that produce the pollen

A

stemans

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7
Q

contains the reproductive cell

A

pollen

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7
Q

male reproductive cell

A

sperm cell

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8
Q

female reproductive cell

A

egg cell

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9
Q

vase shaped structured of a flower; central part of a flower

A

pistil

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10
Q

has petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils

A

complete flower

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11
Q

lacks one of the four basic parts of a flower

A

incomplete flower

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12
Q

any plant on which both staminate and pistillate flowers are produced in the same plant

A

monoecious

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13
Q

produce staminate and pistillate flowers by different plants

A

dioecious

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14
Q

most plants bear flowers in clusters

A

inflorescences

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15
Q

the chief factor controlling flowering in most plants

A

daylight and night

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16
Q

when the ovary is fully ripened

A

fruit

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17
Q

the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a pistil

A

pollination

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18
Q

seed bearing structures of plants

A

fruit

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19
Q

when pollination happens in the same flower

A

self-pollination

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20
Q

when pollination happens with another flower

A

cross-pollination

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21
Q

a sweet tasting liquid produces by the flower

A

nectar

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22
Q

have a red-and-white mottled coloring that gives them the appearance of raw meat

A

carrion flowers

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23
Q

When this pollen is inhaled, it causes an allergic reaction in some people that is called

A

hay fever

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24
Q

the most important type of pollen that triggers hay fever

A

ragweed

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25
Q

The symptoms of hay fever are triggered when pollen within the respiratory system causes the release of a chemical messenger

A

histamines

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26
Q

Ovules begin developing into seeds only after a sperm cell brought by a pollen grain fuses with the egg cell within the ovule through what process

A

fertilization

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27
Q

the name for reproductive cells

A

gametes

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28
Q

reproduction in which the sperm cell and the egg cell unite

A

sexual reproduction

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29
Q

where does the pollen grain begin to form

A

pollen tube

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30
Q

One of the sperm cells unites with the egg cell, forming what?

A

embryo

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31
Q

a nutritional tissue that surrounds the fertilized egg and provides nourishment to the growing embryo

A

endosperm

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32
Q

which two sperm cells are required for reproduction, is unique to angiosperms

A

double fertilization

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33
Q

what is usually triggered by pollination and fertilization

A

formation of fruit

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34
Q

growing larger and developing fruit

A

ripening

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35
Q

they form from one flower that has only one pistil

A

simple fruits

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36
Q

form from one flower that has several pistils

A

aggregate fruits

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37
Q

form from several flowers

A

multiple fruits

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38
Q

fruits in which the entire ovary is fleshy
and juicy throughout

A

berries

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39
Q

have an outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer, called the stone, that surrounds the seed

A

drupes

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40
Q

fruits with an outer fleshy layer and
an inner papery core

A

pomes

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41
Q

fruits that consist of a
pod enclosing several seeds

A

legumes

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42
Q

consist of fleshy layers of ovary small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them

A

samaras

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43
Q

Simple dry fruits consisting of a seed enclosed in a hard covering, or shell

A

nuts

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44
Q

fruits consisting of a seed and a shell; thin shell

A

achenes

45
Q

fruit of the grass family

A

grains

46
Q

include berries, drupes, and pomes

A

simple fleshy fruits

47
Q

include legumes, samaras, nuts, grains, and achenes

A

simple dry fruits

48
Q

form from one flower that has several pistils

A

aggregate fruits

49
Q

form from several flowers
Examples are the fig and the pineapple

A

multiple fruits

50
Q

means to be able to germinate

A

viable

51
Q

an outside agent carries the seeds

A

agent dispersal

52
Q

the plant itself dispersal its own seeds alone

A

mechanical dispersal

53
Q

the result of the flower and fruit formation

A

seeds

54
Q

three main parts of a seed

A
  1. embryo plant
  2. endosperm
  3. seed coat
55
Q

provides nutrition for the seed

A

endosperm

56
Q

provides a protective covering for the seed

A

seed coat

57
Q

a tiny shoot for the plant that will form into the stem and leaves

A

plumule

58
Q

develops into the the root system

A

radicle

59
Q

the sprouting of a seed

A

germination

60
Q

a period of inactivity

A

dormancy

61
Q

taught at Tuskegee Institute and founds several ways that improved life with peanuts ect.

A

George Washington Carver

62
Q

the principal parts of a flower

A

leaves, flowers, and stems

63
Q

parts of the stem that grow in length or to develop new stems, flowers, or leaves

A

buds

64
Q

protect the bud in winter from frost injury and from drying out

A

bud scale

65
Q

rings that circle the stem; indicate where last year’s growth started

A

bud-scale scar

66
Q

areas where leaves are growing or have grown

A

nodes

67
Q

indicate the passage points of vascular tissue from the stem to the petiole of the leaf

A

bundle scars

68
Q

openings in the bark that allow air to enter the stem

A

lenticels

69
Q

Stems grow in length at the tips of their branches

A

primary growth

70
Q

a woody dicot has three areas

A

bark, wood, and pith

71
Q

If you have a freshly cut, growing woody stem, you can easily peel the bark off. Underneath the bark, the stem is hard and white.

A

xylem

72
Q

outside section of a woody stem

A

bark

73
Q

innermost layer of the bark

A

phloem

74
Q

lie between the bark and the wood

A

vascular cambium

75
Q

The strong, resilient inner section of a woody stem

A

wood

76
Q

simple system of water-conducting cells

A

tracheids

77
Q

composed of relatively short, wide, often barrel-shaped cells joined end to end like concrete pipes

A

vessels

78
Q

the center of the woody stem in a young plant

A

pith

79
Q

older inner wood; useful only as support for the stem

A

heartwood

80
Q

younger, functioning xylem tissue; usually lighter in color than the heartwood

A

sapwood

81
Q

New wood is formed by the vascular cambium layer in the same manner that new phloem is produced. As can be expected, the production of new wood leads to an increase in the thickness of the tree trunk; this growth in width

A

secondary growth

82
Q

Periods of faster and slower growth result in distinct layers of xylem

A

annual growth rings

83
Q

the tissue in which the vascular bundles are embedded

A

cortex

84
Q

outer covering of a monocot stem

A

rind

85
Q

When a new plant starts to grow from a stem, leaf, or root

A

vegetative reproduction

86
Q

no union of gametes

A

asexual reproduction

87
Q

When a person uses vegetative reproductive
methods to start a new plant from a root, stem, or leaf, the process

A

vegetative propagation

88
Q

is a piece of a stem or root
that can grow into a new plant

A

cutting

89
Q

fastening a container of soil around the nodes of a stem to induce the stem to develop roots

A

layering

90
Q

process of transplanting living tissue from one plant to another

A

grafting

91
Q

kind of grafting in which the scion is a bud

A

budding

92
Q

which is to be grafted onto a stem growing on another tree

A

scion

93
Q

tree that receives the new stem

A

stock

94
Q

allows seedlings to be produced from individual plant cells grown in the laboratory

A

tissue culturing

95
Q

made up of a special stem and leaves designed to store food

A

bulb

96
Q

plants have swollen stems

A

corms

97
Q

Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction

A

rhizomes

98
Q

grow quickly along the surface of the ground

A

stolon

99
Q

provide the plant with food storage and a means of reproduction, while man benefits from their good nutrition

A

tuber

100
Q

sharp special stems

A

thorns

101
Q

which are commonly found in dicots, penetrate the soil with relatively little branching

A

taproots

102
Q

have no main section but spread out with very thin roots, forming a tangled mass in shallow soil

A

fibrous roots

103
Q

Some of the epidermal cells develop into long, finger-like projections

A

root hairs

104
Q

root’s food-storage region

A

root cortex

105
Q

contains xylem tissues, which carry water to the stem, and phloem tissues, which carry food back to the root

A

central vascular cylinder

106
Q

At the tip of the root, providing a covering, is the
cone-shaped

A

root cap

107
Q

process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion

A

diffusion

108
Q

diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

109
Q

After root hairs absorb water by osmosis, the water and absorbed minerals must flow up through the xylem tubes; this upward flow

A

sap stream

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