Biology Quiz 11.1 - 11.2 Flashcards
built-in maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostasis
consists of the skin and various glands associated with it, functions as a means of communication between your body and the outside world, as an organ of secretion, and as a shield to prevent your body from drying out and to protect you from bacteria and viruses
integumentary system
covers the outside of the body; body’s largest organ
skin
part of the skin that is exposed to the environment
epidermis
When the epidermal cells of the scalp replenish themselves too rapidly, the dead skin cells begin to flake
dandruff
a tough, water-proof protein fiber, is manufactured in the cytoplasm, strengthening and hardening the cell
keratin
pigment of the skin
melanin
Beneath the epidermis is the most complex layer of the skin
dermis
Underneath the dermis is a layer of tissue called what?
subcutaneous layer
a natural process that protects the body from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun
tanning
vertical tube in the dermis designed to manufacture hair
hair follicle
hair follicle is also the attachment for a group of smooth muscle cells called what?
arrector pili
oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible
sebum
help regulate body temperature
sweat glands
removal of waste substances from the body
excretion
a major part of the excretory system, excretes the liquid waste urine
urinary system
most important excretory
organs; their primary function is to cleanse the blood of wastes and remove those wastes from the body
kidneys
stores urine until it is discharged to the outside through the urethra
urinary bladder
tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
is a microscopic network of blood vessels and renal tubules (small tubes) where blood is filtered and the purified liquids are absorbed
nephrons
return of glucose, hormones, and other useful substances from the fluid in the renal tubule to the blood
reabsorption
luid, consisting of water and dissolved wastes, produced by the nephron after filtering and reabsorption
urine
tube that transfers urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder
ureter
acts on the circulatory system to increase blood pressure; helps the kidneys properly filter the blood
renin
regulation of water reabsorption is controlled by
the brain
ADH
crystallized particle of calcium and other substances that forms in the kidneys because of abnormal function
kidney stone
When uric acid is not filtered
out properly by the kidneys, it may accumulate in the joints of the body, causing pain
gout
potentially severe infection of the urinary system
urinary tract infection
refers to separating molecules of different sizes using a membrane
dialysis
