Biology Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
the study of living things
A
Biology
2
Q
living things
A
organisms
3
Q
regions where an organism lives
A
habitats
4
Q
study of plants
A
botany
5
Q
study of animals
A
zoology
6
Q
the study of the physical structure of the human body
A
human anatomy
7
Q
the study of the function of the human body
A
human physiology
8
Q
produce fruit and seeds for the plant
A
flower
9
Q
where plants make food
A
leaves
10
Q
transports substances and stores food
A
stem
11
Q
live several years and produce a large amount of wood
A
woody stem
12
Q
a plant with a single tall woody stem that can stand by itself
A
tree
13
Q
a plant with several woody stems near the ground
A
shrubs
14
Q
nonwoody plants
A
herbaceous plants
15
Q
a plant with a long thin stem that grows along the ground
A
vines
16
Q
absorbs water and minerals and anchors the plant to the ground
A
roots
17
Q
in which the primary root grows straight down
A
taproot system
18
Q
tangled mass formed by grass roots holds soil particles together and prevents soil erosion.
A
fibrous root system
19
Q
flowers produce in seeds covered in fruit
A
angiosperms
20
Q
largest angiosperm family
A
composite family
21
Q
used in landscaping; have square stems and are very aromatic
A
mint family
22
Q
extremely complex design; have several poisonous plants
A
parsley plants
23
Q
stay alive for a year
A
annual
24
Q
stay alive for two years
A
binnuals
25
stay alive for multiple years
perennials
26
includes the plants with showy flowers and thorny stems
rose family
27
largest family in flower plants
pea family
28
most of our vegetables come from this family
mustard family
29
the movement of nitrogen from the air to the ground and back to the air is the
nitrogen cycle
30
group to which the three most common poisonous plants belong
cashew family
31
funnel shaped flowers are open for only one day before they die and are replaced by other flowers
lily family
32
includes many important food plants like tomatoes, Irish potatoes, peppers, and eggplants.
nightshade family
33
seed of an angiosperm plant that contains special structures
cotyledons
34
has one cotyledon in the seed
monocot
35
has two cotyledon in the seed
dicot
36
the most important flowering seed family
grass family
37
a creeping stem that grows above the ground
stolon
38
wrap partially around the stem at the base of the leaf
sheath
39
high in starch content, making it an excellent source of energy for people; fruit of the grass
grains
40
the largest of all plants
trees
41
trees having broad, flat leaves.
broadleaf trees
42
keep their leaves year round
evergreen
42
have dense, hard wood
hardwoods
43
they lose their leaves each fall and are bare all winter
deciduous
44
what is the top portion of a tree called
crown
45
the main stem of a tree; does not reach the top of the tree but divides into spreading branches, giving the crown a rounded shape
trunk
46
the broadleaf flowers; long, tassel like clusters of tiny grayish- or yellowish-green flowers
catkins
47
a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular task
system
48
a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system
organ
49
flat portion of a leaf
blade
50
attaches the blade to the stem
petiole
51
small leaf-like or scale-like structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing.
stipules
52
contains developing leafs or stems
buds
53
have one leaf per petiole
simple leaves
54
have two leaves per petiole
compound leaves
55
two leaves grow from each node
opposite arrangement
56
points where the leaf grow from the stem
nodes
57
three or more leaves grow near the node
whorled
57
one leaf grows from one petiole in an alternating pattern
alternate arrangement
58
cluster of leaves growing near the ground
rosette
59
living material that is constructed in such a way to perform a particular task
tissue
60
most of the body of the plant
structural tissue
61
composed of elongated, tubular cells, are the sap conducting materials
vascular tissue
62
growth and repair of plant type of tissue
meristematic tissue
63
provides protection for upper and lower portion of the leaf
epidermis
64
the waxy covering for the leaf
cuticle
65
the lower of epidermis of the leaf that contains tiny openings
stomata
66
the middle portion of the leaf that forms the bulk of the leaf; where most of the photosynthesis process takes place
mesophyll
67
runs through the mesophyll and contains vascular tissue
veins
68
a pattern of the veins in the leaf is called
venation
69
the basic structure of all living material
cells
70
surrounds the cell, separates it from the environment; and regulates what comes in and out
cell membrane
71
make up the cell and of the fluid medium that surrounds them
cytoplasm
72
the cell wall is made up of a carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose
cellulose
73
tiny chemical factories that produce food
chloroplasts
74
the green pigment that gives plants its color
chlorophyll
75
the storage of the plant cells
vacuoles
76
means they can make their own food
autotrophs
77
means they cannot make their own food
heterotrophs
78
process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture
the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food
photosynthesis
79
Through a subsequent series of steps,
which do not require light directly, carbon dioxide molecules from the air are combined with hydrogen atoms to produce what; a simple sugar
glucose
80
enables the plant to “burn” sugars as fuel for energy
cellular respiration
81
much of the glucose produced is converted to a table sugar, for transport to the rest of the plant
sucrose
82
plants store excess sugars into
starch
83
what is the most important factor affected in photosynthesis
light striking the leaf
84
produces yellow-orange colors
carotene
85
layer of cells that cut off the leaf from the petiole
abscission layer
86
weakens the cell walls of the abscission layer allowing the leaf to break off
cellulase
87
the process by which plants lose water vapor through its leafs and stem
transpiration
88
the water within the guard cells produces pressure called
turgor pressure
89
high rate of transpiration
wilting
90
a leaf designed for a specific tasks
special leaf
