Biology Test 1 Flashcards
the study of living things
Biology
living things
organisms
regions where an organism lives
habitats
study of plants
botany
study of animals
zoology
the study of the physical structure of the human body
human anatomy
the study of the function of the human body
human physiology
produce fruit and seeds for the plant
flower
where plants make food
leaves
transports substances and stores food
stem
live several years and produce a large amount of wood
woody stem
a plant with a single tall woody stem that can stand by itself
tree
a plant with several woody stems near the ground
shrubs
nonwoody plants
herbaceous plants
a plant with a long thin stem that grows along the ground
vines
absorbs water and minerals and anchors the plant to the ground
roots
in which the primary root grows straight down
taproot system
tangled mass formed by grass roots holds soil particles together and prevents soil erosion.
fibrous root system
flowers produce in seeds covered in fruit
angiosperms
largest angiosperm family
composite family
used in landscaping; have square stems and are very aromatic
mint family
extremely complex design; have several poisonous plants
parsley plants
stay alive for a year
annual
stay alive for two years
binnuals
stay alive for multiple years
perennials
includes the plants with showy flowers and thorny stems
rose family
largest family in flower plants
pea family
most of our vegetables come from this family
mustard family
the movement of nitrogen from the air to the ground and back to the air is the
nitrogen cycle
group to which the three most common poisonous plants belong
cashew family
funnel shaped flowers are open for only one day before they die and are replaced by other flowers
lily family
includes many important food plants like tomatoes, Irish potatoes, peppers, and eggplants.
nightshade family
seed of an angiosperm plant that contains special structures
cotyledons
has one cotyledon in the seed
monocot
has two cotyledon in the seed
dicot
the most important flowering seed family
grass family
a creeping stem that grows above the ground
stolon
wrap partially around the stem at the base of the leaf
sheath
high in starch content, making it an excellent source of energy for people; fruit of the grass
grains
the largest of all plants
trees
trees having broad, flat leaves.
broadleaf trees
keep their leaves year round
evergreen
have dense, hard wood
hardwoods
they lose their leaves each fall and are bare all winter
deciduous
what is the top portion of a tree called
crown
the main stem of a tree; does not reach the top of the tree but divides into spreading branches, giving the crown a rounded shape
trunk
the broadleaf flowers; long, tassel like clusters of tiny grayish- or yellowish-green flowers
catkins
a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular task
system
a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system
organ
flat portion of a leaf
blade
attaches the blade to the stem
petiole
small leaf-like or scale-like structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing.
stipules
contains developing leafs or stems
buds
have one leaf per petiole
simple leaves
have two leaves per petiole
compound leaves
two leaves grow from each node
opposite arrangement
points where the leaf grow from the stem
nodes
three or more leaves grow near the node
whorled
one leaf grows from one petiole in an alternating pattern
alternate arrangement
cluster of leaves growing near the ground
rosette
living material that is constructed in such a way to perform a particular task
tissue
most of the body of the plant
structural tissue
composed of elongated, tubular cells, are the sap conducting materials
vascular tissue
growth and repair of plant type of tissue
meristematic tissue
provides protection for upper and lower portion of the leaf
epidermis
the waxy covering for the leaf
cuticle
the lower of epidermis of the leaf that contains tiny openings
stomata
the middle portion of the leaf that forms the bulk of the leaf; where most of the photosynthesis process takes place
mesophyll
runs through the mesophyll and contains vascular tissue
veins
a pattern of the veins in the leaf is called
venation
the basic structure of all living material
cells
surrounds the cell, separates it from the environment; and regulates what comes in and out
cell membrane
make up the cell and of the fluid medium that surrounds them
cytoplasm
the cell wall is made up of a carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose
cellulose
tiny chemical factories that produce food
chloroplasts
the green pigment that gives plants its color
chlorophyll
the storage of the plant cells
vacuoles
means they can make their own food
autotrophs
means they cannot make their own food
heterotrophs
process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture
the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food
photosynthesis
Through a subsequent series of steps,
which do not require light directly, carbon dioxide molecules from the air are combined with hydrogen atoms to produce what; a simple sugar
glucose
enables the plant to “burn” sugars as fuel for energy
cellular respiration
much of the glucose produced is converted to a table sugar, for transport to the rest of the plant
sucrose
plants store excess sugars into
starch
what is the most important factor affected in photosynthesis
light striking the leaf
produces yellow-orange colors
carotene
layer of cells that cut off the leaf from the petiole
abscission layer
weakens the cell walls of the abscission layer allowing the leaf to break off
cellulase
the process by which plants lose water vapor through its leafs and stem
transpiration
the water within the guard cells produces pressure called
turgor pressure
high rate of transpiration
wilting
a leaf designed for a specific tasks
special leaf
