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School > Biology Test 1 > Flashcards

Biology Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of living things

A

Biology

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2
Q

living things

A

organisms

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3
Q

regions where an organism lives

A

habitats

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4
Q

study of plants

A

botany

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5
Q

study of animals

A

zoology

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6
Q

the study of the physical structure of the human body

A

human anatomy

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7
Q

the study of the function of the human body

A

human physiology

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8
Q

produce fruit and seeds for the plant

A

flower

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9
Q

where plants make food

A

leaves

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10
Q

transports substances and stores food

A

stem

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11
Q

live several years and produce a large amount of wood

A

woody stem

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12
Q

a plant with a single tall woody stem that can stand by itself

A

tree

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13
Q

a plant with several woody stems near the ground

A

shrubs

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14
Q

nonwoody plants

A

herbaceous plants

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15
Q

a plant with a long thin stem that grows along the ground

A

vines

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16
Q

absorbs water and minerals and anchors the plant to the ground

A

roots

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17
Q

in which the primary root grows straight down

A

taproot system

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18
Q

tangled mass formed by grass roots holds soil particles together and prevents soil erosion.

A

fibrous root system

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19
Q

flowers produce in seeds covered in fruit

A

angiosperms

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20
Q

largest angiosperm family

A

composite family

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21
Q

used in landscaping; have square stems and are very aromatic

A

mint family

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22
Q

extremely complex design; have several poisonous plants

A

parsley plants

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23
Q

stay alive for a year

A

annual

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24
Q

stay alive for two years

A

binnuals

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25
Q

stay alive for multiple years

A

perennials

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26
Q

includes the plants with showy flowers and thorny stems

A

rose family

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27
Q

largest family in flower plants

A

pea family

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28
Q

most of our vegetables come from this family

A

mustard family

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29
Q

the movement of nitrogen from the air to the ground and back to the air is the

A

nitrogen cycle

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30
Q

group to which the three most common poisonous plants belong

A

cashew family

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31
Q

funnel­ shaped flowers are open for only one day before they die and are replaced by other flowers

A

lily family

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32
Q

includes many important food plants like tomatoes, Irish potatoes, peppers, and eggplants.

A

nightshade family

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33
Q

seed of an angiosperm plant that contains special structures

A

cotyledons

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34
Q

has one cotyledon in the seed

A

monocot

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35
Q

has two cotyledon in the seed

A

dicot

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36
Q

the most important flowering seed family

A

grass family

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37
Q

a creeping stem that grows above the ground

A

stolon

38
Q

wrap partially around the stem at the base of the leaf

A

sheath

39
Q

high in starch content, making it an excellent source of energy for people; fruit of the grass

A

grains

40
Q

the largest of all plants

A

trees

41
Q

trees having broad, flat leaves.

A

broadleaf trees

42
Q

keep their leaves year round

A

evergreen

42
Q

have dense, hard wood

A

hardwoods

43
Q

they lose their leaves each fall and are bare all winter

A

deciduous

44
Q

what is the top portion of a tree called

A

crown

45
Q

the main stem of a tree; does not reach the top of the tree but divides into spreading branches, giving the crown a rounded shape

A

trunk

46
Q

the broadleaf flowers; long, tassel­ like clusters of tiny grayish-­ or yellowish-­green flowers

A

catkins

47
Q

a group of structures designed to function together as a unit to perform a particular task

A

system

48
Q

a structure within a system that has a definite form and performs a definite function or functions for the system

A

organ

49
Q

flat portion of a leaf

A

blade

50
Q

attaches the blade to the stem

A

petiole

51
Q

small leaf-like or scale-like structures that helped to cover the leaf when it was developing.

A

stipules

52
Q

contains developing leafs or stems

A

buds

53
Q

have one leaf per petiole

A

simple leaves

54
Q

have two leaves per petiole

A

compound leaves

55
Q

two leaves grow from each node

A

opposite arrangement

56
Q

points where the leaf grow from the stem

A

nodes

57
Q

three or more leaves grow near the node

A

whorled

57
Q

one leaf grows from one petiole in an alternating pattern

A

alternate arrangement

58
Q

cluster of leaves growing near the ground

A

rosette

59
Q

living material that is constructed in such a way to perform a particular task

A

tissue

60
Q

most of the body of the plant

A

structural tissue

61
Q

composed of elongated, tubular cells, are the sap conducting materials

A

vascular tissue

62
Q

growth and repair of plant type of tissue

A

meristematic tissue

63
Q

provides protection for upper and lower portion of the leaf

A

epidermis

64
Q

the waxy covering for the leaf

A

cuticle

65
Q

the lower of epidermis of the leaf that contains tiny openings

A

stomata

66
Q

the middle portion of the leaf that forms the bulk of the leaf; where most of the photosynthesis process takes place

A

mesophyll

67
Q

runs through the mesophyll and contains vascular tissue

A

veins

68
Q

a pattern of the veins in the leaf is called

A

venation

69
Q

the basic structure of all living material

A

cells

70
Q

surrounds the cell, separates it from the environment; and regulates what comes in and out

A

cell membrane

71
Q

make up the cell and of the fluid medium that surrounds them

A

cytoplasm

72
Q

the cell wall is made up of a carbohydrate made up of long chains of glucose

A

cellulose

73
Q

tiny chemical factories that produce food

A

chloroplasts

74
Q

the green pigment that gives plants its color

A

chlorophyll

75
Q

the storage of the plant cells

A

vacuoles

76
Q

means they can make their own food

A

autotrophs

77
Q

means they cannot make their own food

A

heterotrophs

78
Q

process whereby a plant’s chloroplasts capture
the radiant energy of light and convert it into the chemical energy of food

A

photosynthesis

79
Q

Through a subsequent series of steps,
which do not require light directly, carbon dioxide molecules from the air are combined with hydrogen atoms to produce what; a simple sugar

A

glucose

80
Q

enables the plant to “burn” sugars as fuel for energy

A

cellular respiration

81
Q

much of the glucose produced is converted to a table sugar, for transport to the rest of the plant

A

sucrose

82
Q

plants store excess sugars into

A

starch

83
Q

what is the most important factor affected in photosynthesis

A

light striking the leaf

84
Q

produces yellow-orange colors

A

carotene

85
Q

layer of cells that cut off the leaf from the petiole

A

abscission layer

86
Q

weakens the cell walls of the abscission layer allowing the leaf to break off

A

cellulase

87
Q

the process by which plants lose water vapor through its leafs and stem

A

transpiration

88
Q

the water within the guard cells produces pressure called

A

turgor pressure

89
Q

high rate of transpiration

A

wilting

90
Q

a leaf designed for a specific tasks

A

special leaf

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