Biology Chapter 10

Question 1

the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up what system?

Answer 1

cardiovascular system

Question 2

thick fluid containing many solid particles in the cardiovascular system

Answer 2

blood

Question 3

About 55% of the total blood volume is a liquid called what?

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

the straw-colored liquid part of the blood, is about 90% water and contains various dissolved substances, including digested food molecules in the form of glucose, fats, and amino acids; waste molecules; hormones; and many kinds of blood proteins

Answer 4

plasma

Question 5

The three basic categories of blood proteins are?

Answer 5

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

Question 6

the body’s blood pressure may fall to a critical low, causing a condition known as what?

Answer 6

circulatory shock

Question 7

what blood cell carries oxygen?

Answer 7

red blood cells

Question 8

a special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its characteristic red color

Answer 8

hemoglobin

Question 9

is a disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells?

Answer 9

Anemia

Question 10

where are red blood cells and other blood cells produced in the what?

Answer 10

red blood marrow

Question 11

surplus red blood cells are stored in the what?

Answer 11

spleen

Question 12

what blood cell functions as part of the immune system, helping the body to fight disease-causing organisms

Answer 12

white blood cells

Question 13

a form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers.

Answer 13

leukemia

Question 14

tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits

Answer 14

platelets

Question 15

When blood starts to escape
from a cut, millions of platelets attach themselves to the rough edges of the wound, forming a platelet plug. In small or lightly injured blood vessels, the platelet plug may stop the bleeding entirely

Answer 15

clotting

Question 16

If the blood clot is on the surface of the skin, what forms?

Answer 16

scab

Question 17

results in the partial or complete inability to form blood clots.

Answer 17

hemophilia

Question 18

act as identification tags

Answer 18

antigens

Question 19

includes two antigens, named A and B

Answer 19

ABO blood group

Question 20

contains many antigens

Answer 20

Rh blood group

Question 21

the 17th-century English-man who was the first to describe the circulation of blood accurately

Answer 21

William Harvey

Question 22

the world’s most efficient pump

Answer 22

the heart

Question 23

The heart is encased within a tough white sac, and helps support and protect the heart is called what?

Answer 23

pericardium

Question 24

the heart’s main features
are its four hollow spaces

Answer 24

chambers

Question 25

pumping mechanism of the heart consists of two thin-walled upper chambers

Answer 25

atria

Question 26

two thick-walled lower chambers,

Answer 26

ventricle

Question 27

divides the left and right sides of the heart

Answer 27

septum

Question 28

contains the muscles of the heart; most important layer of the heart

Answer 28

myocar­dium

Question 29

Lining the interior of the heart’s chambers

Answer 29

endocardium

Question 30

The outside of the heart is coated with a layer of slippery tissue, and allows the heart to move easily within the pericardial sac as it beats

Answer 30

epicardium

Question 31

Blood is prevented from flowing in the wrong direction by what?

Answer 31

valves

Question 32

Two of these valves the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve are called what?

Answer 32

A-V Valves

Question 33

connects the right atrium and right ventricle

Answer 33

tricuspid valve

Question 34

connects the left atrium and left ventricle

Answer 34

bicuspid valve

Question 35

carry blood (to the lungs) to absorb oxygen

Answer 35

pulmonary arteries

Question 36

the body’s largest veins

Answer 36

venae cavae

Question 37

returns blood from the lower part of the body

Answer 37

inferior vena cava

Question 38

carry blood (from the lungs) back to the heart

Answer 38

pulmonary veins

Question 39

body’s largest artery

Answer 39

aorta

Question 40

branch from the base of the aorta

Answer 40

coronary arteries

Question 41

collect the blood from the tissues of the heart and carry it to a larger vein called the coronary sinus,

Answer 41

cardiac veins

Question 42

similar in many ways to skeletal muscle.

Answer 42

cardiac muscles

Question 43

beating of the heart is regulated by a system of special heart cells known as what?

Answer 43

cardiac conduction system

Question 44

master control unit of the heart

Answer 44

sinoatrial node

Question 45

An electrical barrier between the atria and ventricles prevents the signal from reaching the ventricles before they are filled; the only electrical pathway to the ventricles is a “bridge”.

Answer 45

atrioventricular node

Question 46

a doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders

Answer 46

cardiologist

Question 47

detects the tiny electrical currents in the heart

Answer 47

electrocardiogram

Question 48

The contracting and pumping phase of heart action is called what?

Answer 48

systole

Question 49

while the relaxing and filling phase is known as what?

Answer 49

diastole

Question 50

The cardiac cycle is perceived as a what?

Answer 50

heartbeat

Question 51

An abnormal rushing or blowing sound produced by valve damage

Answer 51

heart murmur

Question 52

type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles

Answer 52

heart attack

Question 53

occurs when the heart stops beating and instead twitches randomly; can be caused by damage to the heart’s electrical system

Answer 53

ventricular fibrillation

Question 54

which applies a brief electrical shock to the heart to jolt its electrical system back to normal

Answer 54

defibrillator

Question 55

are thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

Answer 55

arteries

Question 56

returning to the heart

Answer 56

veins

Question 57

microscopic structures; the smallest are so tiny that red blood cells must “squeeze” through them, traveling in single file

Answer 57

capillaries

Question 58

blockage of the arteries caused by a slowly developing disease

Answer 58

atherosclerosis,

Question 59

The movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

Answer 59

systemic circulation

Question 60

movement of blood to liver

Answer 60

portal circulation

Question 61

movement of blood through the kidney

Answer 61

renal circulation

Question 62

The force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels is known as what?

Answer 62

blood pressure

Question 63

most common causes of liver failure are viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse

Answer 63

viral hepatitis

Question 64

the buildup of fatty deposits and fibrous tissue in the liver

Answer 64

cirrhosis

Question 65

suffering from high blood pressure, known medically as what?

Answer 65

hypertension

Question 66

rhythmic pressure change in the heart

Answer 66

pulse

Question 67

some of the easiest places to feel your pulse

Answer 67

carotid artery

Question 68

supplies the body with oxygen and rids it of excess carbon dioxide

Answer 68

respiratory system

Question 69

large, spongy organs located inside the thoracic cavity on opposite sides of your heart

Answer 69

lungs

Question 70

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling air, and gas exchange

Answer 70

external respiration

Question 71

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells

Answer 71

internal respiration

Question 72

air is warmed, moistened, and filtered as it passes through what?

Answer 72

nasal cavity

Question 73

the voice box

Answer 73

larynx

Question 74

the wind pipe

Answer 74

trachea

Question 75

lap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea

Answer 75

epiglottis

Question 76

trachea divides into two branches known as what?

Answer 76

bronchi

Question 77

smallest bronchioles end in small sac-like structures called what?

Answer 77

alveoli

Question 78

lining of the bronchial tubes can be irritated by infection or by smoking; the inflammation of this lining

Answer 78

bronchitis

Question 79

a bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes the lungs to secrete large quantities of fluid

Answer 79

pneumonia

Question 80

an allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles; the tubes suddenly constrict, making breathing difficult.

Answer 80

bronchial asthma

Question 81

A double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage

Answer 81

pleura

Question 82

The thoracic cavity is an airtight chamber,but it has a movable floor. Which is a thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is called what?

Answer 82

diaphragm

Question 83

Air rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure; this process is called what?

Answer 83

inhalation

Question 84

Air rushes from the lungs to equalize the pressure; this process is called what?

Answer 84

exhalation

Question 85

breathing is controlled by what portion of the brain

Answer 85

medulla oblongata

Question 86

The maximum volume you can inhale and exhale

Answer 86

vital capacity

Question 87

This normal amount of air in the lungs

Answer 87

tidal volume

Question 88

The most common respiratory disease

Answer 88

common cold

Question 89

caused by viruses that infect the respiratory system, causing fever, aching muscles, headache, and chest pain

Answer 89

influenza (flu) using flu is ok it's in the book :)

Question 90

caused by a slow-growing bacterium that infects the lungs

Answer 90

tuberculosis

Question 91

progressive deterioration of the alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes

Answer 91

Emphysema

Question 92

one of the most common hereditary diseases in the United States

Answer 92

Cystic fibrosis (CV)

Question 93

most devastating respiratory disease

Answer 93

lung cancer