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School- Noah > Biology Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Biology Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood make up what system?

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

thick fluid containing many solid particles in the cardiovascular system

A

blood

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3
Q

About 55% of the total blood volume is a liquid called what?

A

plasma

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4
Q

the straw-colored liquid part of the blood, is about 90% water and contains various dissolved substances, including digested food molecules in the form of glucose, fats, and amino acids; waste molecules; hormones; and many kinds of blood proteins

A

plasma

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5
Q

The three basic categories of blood proteins are?

A

albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen

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6
Q

the body’s blood pressure may fall to a critical low, causing a condition known as what?

A

circulatory shock

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7
Q

what blood cell carries oxygen?

A

red blood cells

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8
Q

a special iron-containing blood protein that binds easily to oxygen and gives blood its characteristic red color

A

hemoglobin

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9
Q

is a disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells?

A

Anemia

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10
Q

where are red blood cells and other blood cells produced in the what?

A

red blood marrow

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11
Q

surplus red blood cells are stored in the what?

A

spleen

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12
Q

what blood cell functions as part of the immune system, helping the body to fight disease-causing organisms

A

white blood cells

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13
Q

a form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers.

A

leukemia

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14
Q

tiny disk-shaped cell fragments produced in the bone marrow to serve as patch kits

A

platelets

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15
Q

When blood starts to escape
from a cut, millions of platelets attach themselves to the rough edges of the wound, forming a platelet plug. In small or lightly injured blood vessels, the platelet plug may stop the bleeding entirely

A

clotting

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16
Q

If the blood clot is on the surface of the skin, what forms?

A

scab

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17
Q

results in the partial or complete inability to form blood clots.

A

hemophilia

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18
Q

act as identification tags

A

antigens

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19
Q

includes two antigens, named A and B

A

ABO blood group

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20
Q

contains many antigens

A

Rh blood group

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21
Q

the 17th-century English-man who was the first to describe the circulation of blood accurately

A

William Harvey

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22
Q

the world’s most efficient pump

A

the heart

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23
Q

The heart is encased within a tough white sac, and helps support and protect the heart is called what?

A

pericardium

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24
Q

the heart’s main features
are its four hollow spaces

A

chambers

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25
Q

pumping mechanism of the heart consists of two thin-walled upper chambers

A

atria

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26
Q

two thick-walled lower chambers,

A

ventricle

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27
Q

divides the left and right sides of the heart

A

septum

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28
Q

contains the muscles of the heart; most important layer of the heart

A

myocar­dium

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29
Q

Lining the interior of the heart’s chambers

A

endocardium

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30
Q

The outside of the heart is coated with a layer of slippery tissue, and allows the heart to move easily within the pericardial sac as it beats

A

epicardium

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31
Q

Blood is prevented from flowing in the wrong direction by what?

A

valves

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32
Q

Two of these valves the tricuspid valve and the bicuspid valve are called what?

A

A-V Valves

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33
Q

connects the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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34
Q

connects the left atrium and left ventricle

A

bicuspid valve

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35
Q

carry blood (to the lungs) to absorb oxygen

A

pulmonary arteries

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36
Q

the body’s largest veins

A

venae cavae

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37
Q

returns blood from the lower part of the body

A

inferior vena cava

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38
Q

carry blood (from the lungs) back to the heart

A

pulmonary veins

39
Q

body’s largest artery

A

aorta

40
Q

branch from the base of the aorta

A

coronary arteries

41
Q

collect the blood from the tissues of the heart and carry it to a larger vein called the coronary sinus,

A

cardiac veins

42
Q

similar in many ways to skeletal muscle.

A

cardiac muscles

43
Q

beating of the heart
is regulated by a system of special heart cells known as what?

A

cardiac conduction system

44
Q

master control unit of the heart

A

sinoatrial node

45
Q

An electrical barrier between the atria and ventricles prevents the signal from reaching the ventricles before they are filled; the only electrical pathway to the ventricles is a “bridge”.

A

atrioventricular node

46
Q

a doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders

A

cardiologist

47
Q

detects the tiny electrical currents in the heart

A

electrocardiogram

48
Q

The contracting and pumping phase of heart action is called what?

A

systole

49
Q

while the relaxing and filling phase is known as what?

A

diastole

50
Q

The cardiac cycle is perceived as a what?

A

heartbeat

51
Q

An abnormal rushing or blowing sound produced by valve damage

A

heart murmur

52
Q

type of heart failure caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles

A

heart attack

53
Q

occurs when the heart stops beating and instead twitches randomly; can be caused by damage to the heart’s electrical system

A

ventricular fibrillation

54
Q

which applies a brief electrical shock to the heart to jolt its electrical system back to normal

A

defibrillator

55
Q

are thick-walled blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

A

arteries

56
Q

returning to the heart

A

veins

57
Q

microscopic structures;
the smallest are so tiny that red blood cells must “squeeze” through them, traveling in single file

A

capillaries

58
Q

blockage of the arteries caused by a slowly developing disease

A

atherosclerosis,

59
Q

The movement of the blood through all parts of the body except the lungs

A

systemic circulation

60
Q

movement of blood to liver

A

portal circulation

61
Q

movement of blood through the kidney

A

renal circulation

62
Q

The force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels is known as what?

A

blood pressure

63
Q

most common causes of liver failure are viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse

A

viral hepatitis

64
Q

the buildup of fatty deposits
and fibrous tissue in the liver

A

cirrhosis

65
Q

suffering from high blood pressure, known medically as what?

A

hypertension

66
Q

rhythmic pressure change in the heart

A

pulse

67
Q

some of the easiest places to feel your pulse

A

carotid artery

68
Q

supplies the body with oxygen and rids it of excess carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

69
Q

large, spongy organs located inside the thoracic cavity on opposite sides of your heart

A

lungs

70
Q

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling air, and gas exchange

A

external respiration

71
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue cells

A

internal respiration

72
Q

air is warmed, moistened, and filtered as it passes through what?

A

nasal cavity

73
Q

the voice box

A

larynx

74
Q

the wind pipe

A

trachea

75
Q

lap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea

A

epiglottis

76
Q

trachea divides into two branches known as what?

A

bronchi

77
Q

smallest bronchioles end in small sac-like structures called what?

A

alveoli

78
Q

lining of the bronchial tubes can be irritated by infection or by smoking; the inflammation of this lining

A

bronchitis

79
Q

a bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes the lungs to secrete large quantities of fluid

A

pneumonia

80
Q

an allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles; the tubes suddenly constrict, making breathing difficult.

A

bronchial asthma

81
Q

A double membrane that lines the inside of the rib cage

A

pleura

82
Q

The thoracic cavity is an airtight chamber,but it has a movable floor. Which is a thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is called what?

A

diaphragm

83
Q

Air rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure; this process is called what?

A

inhalation

84
Q

Air rushes from the lungs to equalize the pressure; this process is called what?

A

exhalation

85
Q

breathing is controlled by what portion of the brain

A

medulla oblongata

86
Q

The maximum volume you can inhale and exhale

A

vital capacity

87
Q

This normal amount of air in the lungs

A

tidal volume

88
Q

The most common respiratory disease

A

common cold

89
Q

caused by viruses that infect the respiratory system, causing fever, aching muscles, headache, and chest pain

A

influenza (flu)

using flu is ok it’s in the book :)

90
Q

caused by a slow-growing bacterium that infects the lungs

A

tuberculosis

91
Q

progressive deterioration of the alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes

A

Emphysema

92
Q

one of the most common
hereditary diseases in the United States

A

Cystic fibrosis (CV)

93
Q

most devastating respiratory disease

A

lung cancer

School- Noah (11 decks)

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