BIOLOGY Term 1 and added work Flashcards
What is the function of bile?
Bile helps break down fats for digestion, neutralizes stomach acid in the small intestine, and excretes waste products from the body.
In which organs does the digestion of proteins take place?
Stomach, small intestines and pancreas.
Where are lipase produced?
Pancreas.
Where does lipase act?
Small intestines.
What is the substrate digested by lipase?
Fats and oils.
Where are protease-pepsin produced?
Stomach.
Where does protease-pepsin act?
Stomach.
What is the substrate digested by protease-pepsin?
Proteins.
What are the functions of hydrochloric acid?
- Kills harmful microorganisms. 2. Provides acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity.
In which subcellular structure does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts.
What transfers the energy required for photosynthesis to a green pigment?
Light.
The process of photosynthesis is described as ____________ because it requires energy transferred from its surroundings.
Endothermic.
What is the correct word summary for photosynthesis?
Water + carbon dioxide ——-> glucose + oxygen.
List three organs in the musculoskeletal system.
Bones, muscles and cartilage.
List three organs in the circulatory system.
Heart, blood and blood vessels.
List three organs in the respiratory system.
Lungs, trachea and nasal cavity.
What separates the thorax from the abdomen?
Diaphragm.
Which structure connects a bronchus to an alveolus?
A bronchiole connects a bronchus to an alveolus in the lungs.
What does CHD stand for?
Coronary heart disease.
Name the group of drugs prescribed to patients at high risk of heart disease to reduce cholesterol levels.
Statins.
Which substance is transported in the phloem?
Sucrose.
What is the movement in phloem called?
Translocation.
What is ingestion?
Food and drinks taken in the body.
What is absorption in the digestive system?
Small food molecules and ions move through the wall of the intestines into the blood.
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
Amylase, protease and lipase enzymes are produced here before being released into the duodenum.
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Stores and releases bile.
What is physical digestion?
The process of breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing the food’s chemical composition.
What is chemical digestion?
Chemical digestion is the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules.
In which organ is bile produced?
Liver.
What is assimilation in the digestive system?
The uptake and use of nutrients by cells.
Where are amylases produced and secreted?
Amylases are produced in the mouth and the pancreas (secreted into the duodenum).
Amylase digests ___________ into _________ like __________.
- Starch. 2. Smaller sugars. 3. Maltose.
Proteases are a group of proteins that break down proteins into ________ in the __________ and __________.
- Amino acids. 2. Stomach. 3. Small intestines.
Lipase enzymes are produced in the ___________ and secreted into the _________.
- Pancreas. 2. Duodenum.
Lipase digests lipids into __________.
Fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the name of the tissue in plants responsible for transporting food?
Phloem.
What is the main excretory organ in the human body?
Kidney.
Name the raw materials for photosynthesis.
Carbon-dioxide and water.
How does most of the water needed by plants get into its leaves?
The root absorbs it and then it travels up the stem.
What is photosynthesis?
The process in which plants make their food.
Which organelle is responsible for making food (Glucose) using sunlight?
Chloroplasts.
The ____________ is the most photosynthetic part of a plant.
Leaf.
Which organisms perform photosynthesis?
Autotrophs.
Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?
Enter: Carbon dioxide. Exit: Oxygen.
Why do plants conduct photosynthesis?
To make glucose.
How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of a plant?
It enters through the stomata.
Leaves look green because…..
They contain a molecule named chlorophyll.
What is the pigment in chloroplasts that performs photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll.
Describe the term tissue?
Tissue is a group of cells joined together to perform a specific function.
Describe the role of mucus and cilia in the trachea.
Mucus traps dust, pathogens, and other particles in the trachea. Cilia beat rhythmically to move the mucus trapped particles upward the throat, where they can be swallowed or expelled, keeping the airways clear.
State the mineral ion required for making bone.
Calcium.
State the mineral ion required for making haemoglobin.
Iron.
State another type of nutrient required in the human diet in small quantities.
Vitamins.
Describe the roles of proteins.
Protein helps repair and build your body’s tissues. It drives metabolic reactions, maintains pH and fluid balance, and keeps the immune system strong.
Explain how enzymes work to break down nutrient materials, such as starch.
Enzymes are proteins that break down nutrient materials like starch into smaller molecules that can be used by cells for energy.
State the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.
What are magnesium ions used for in plants ?
Making chlorophyll.
Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different environmental conditions.
Light Intensity – Low light reduces the rate. CO₂ Concentration – Low CO₂ limits photosynthesis. Temperature – Too high or low temperatures slow down the process. Water – Lack of water reduces CO₂ intake. Chlorophyll – Less chlorophyll limits light absorption.
