Biology Study Guide Chapter 4

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.

Question 2

Organelle

Answer 2

A highly organized structure within a cell that carries out specific cellular functions.

Question 3

Prokaryote (Bacteria)

Answer 3

Having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
Structure/Characteristics:
Cell Wall
 Pilli
 Flagella
 Plasma Membrane
 Capsule
 Ribosomes
 Nucleoid Region 
  (chromosomal DNA)
 Plasmid DNA

Question 4

Eukaryote (Animal and Plant)

Answer 4

Having cells with `good’ or membrane-bound nuclei

Question 5

1. What are the three domains and what type of organisms are found in each of these domains?

Answer 5

(A domain is the most general things you can place stuff in.)

Question 6

2. What are the major characteristics that differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

LOOK UP

Question 7

3. What is the average size of a(n): Virus? Bacterial cell? Animal or Plant cell? In other words, how do their sizes compare to one another?

Answer 7

A plant and animal cell is between 100um and 10um. The biggest of the 3
Bacteria is between 10um and 1 um. Middle.
A virus is 100nm. The smallest.

Question 8

4. Why do we not find single cells that are the size of a house (think loading docks…)?

Answer 8

Because you need more surface surface area then area within the cell for fringing in and exporting out thing in the cel

Question 9

5. Be able to identify and describe the function of the organelles of animal and plant cells.

Answer 9

LOOK UP

Question 10

6. Describe the major structural differences between plant and animal cells. Which structures are unique to plant cells? Which are unique to animal cells?

Answer 10

In plant cells there is a
Cell wall (which gives the plants structure.)
Chrloroplasts or Platides (making glucose from sunlight)
Central Vacual (it mostly has water inside of it, it expands and contracts, it maintaines homostaces with water.)
In animal cells

Question 11

7. Describe the different types of cell junctions that exist between eukaryotic cells.

Answer 11

(Animal) Pasmodesmata In a multicellular organism that can connect and pass on information.
(Plant) Gap junction that communicate Ex. like in the <3 information such as they are hurt or need to be repaired.

Question 12

8. Describe the different types of cytoskeletal components and be able to give an example of a function or process that each component participates in.

Answer 12

The first is microfilaments - composed of actin
- thin, threadlike
- structural support
- movement of cell
(pseudopodia-’false foot’)
Its the smallest and its major function id movement or change in shape.

The second is intermediate filaments
	- most permanent
	- intermediate in size
	- stabilizes positions of
	  organelles and
 	  nucleus
	- made of various types 
	  of proteins 
	  (keratins, lamins, etc.)
Middle sized, major function is maintain cell shape, so it can fully function.

And the third is microtubules
	- made of protein tubulin
	- largest of the three
	- determine shape of cell
	- acts as railway for
	  transport vesicles
The largest of the three and its major function  is transport highway inside a cell, they also make hair like projections to help things move around.