Biology Chapter 6 Enzymes Flashcards
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy stored up
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the stored energy being used
Give examples of each kinetic energy and potential energy
Potential energy It’s like the rock at the top of the hill, it was all the energy from getting up the hill. Kinetic energy it’s like the rock rolling down the hill.
Describe the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Give an example that illustrates each first and second laws of thermodynamics.
The first law of thermodynamic is the total amount of energy is never lost, more is never created, it is just converted. This applies to the whole universe (law). The second law natural tendency towards disorder.
Like with a fire, when you burn the wood, there is heat energy and light energy, that energy if you calculates it, would be the same as when it started. But it cannot to wood again, the energy transfers into the ground. Like when you have a clean house, then you come home and your tired and throw your books on the bed, it’s the natural disorder.
What are coupled reactions?
Exergonic and Endergonic reactions often happen closely in time and space. They are coupled reactions. The Exergonic can give energy to the Endergonic
Explain why there is so much energy released when the ATP molecule is turned into ADP (think of ATP’s structure).
Because ATP is very negatively charged and it takes a lot of energy to hold it together, to when it converts to ADP it doesn’t need all of that energy.
How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction (in terms of activation energy).?
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering that reactions activation energy.
What is an active site?
The active site is a region of the enzyme that attaches to the substance.
What is a substrate?
A substrate is a substance is the thing that the enzyme is working on.
Be able to give examples from class of enzymes and their substrates.
Ex. Lactose present in milk, needs to be broken down quickly. Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
How does an enzyme work (how does it lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction)?
The protein lines up with active site of chymotrypsin and it weakens the bond between amino acids, and breaks it.
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst are substances that retain their original structure and composition even though they alter the substrate.
Why is it important that enzymes are catalysts?
They don’t get used up or destroyed they can be used over and over.
Describe allosteric and competitive inhibition and how they regulate the actions of enzymes.
The higher the reaction rate, the better they work, every enzyme had an optimal working environment. Ex. if you find an enzyme in the stomach it will work best there.
Coupled reactions
Exergonic/Endergonic reactions often happen closely together in time and space. Ex. Exergonic-Hydrolysis, Endergonic-Condensation.
