Biology Chapter 5 Membranes Flashcards
What types of molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane through simple diffusion? Give some examples.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, lipids, steroid hormones (Non Polar) anything non polar, Individual water molecules.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules into or out of a cell, across the cell membrane. From low to high concentration.
How does a cell react in an environment that is hypotonic relative to the inside of the cell?
The water will move across the membrane into the cell to dilute the solution.
How does a cell react in an environment that is hypertonic relative to the inside of the cell?
The water will move across the membrane out of the cell to dilute the solution.
How does a cell react in an environment that is Isotonic relative to the inside of the cell?
The water molecules will constantly be moving across the membrane, but there will not be any net movement.
Describe passive transport.
Passive transport, is any movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane. No ATP required.
What is simple diffusion?
Simple diffusion are the molecules that can pass freely through the plasma membrane without ATP
What is facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is helping molecules go down the concentration gradient.
Give an example from class of facilitated diffusion and how it works.
Is like an aviator door where you close one b4 opening the other.
Describe active transport.
Active transport is when it takes molecules agents the concentration gradient using ATP
Describe an example of active transport from class.
Sodium potassium pump is an ex. of active transport.
What is endocytosis?
Endocytosis is the surface of cell indents to bring in molecules. It indents and pinches off into a vesicle, to bring whatever it needs (large things.)
Describe how pinocytosis and phagocytosis works.
Pinocytosis is the surface of the cell indents to bring in molecules e.g. clathrin coated pits. Cell-surface receptors bind to individual molecules, while hold onto the molecules the receptors migrate through the membrane and delivers it to the cytoplasm.
Phagocytosis is where a cell engulfs food, bacteria, and other foreign molecules and it brings the foreign molecules in and destroys them.
What is exocytosis?
Exocytosis (movement out) is defined as the movement of materials out of the cell through a fusing of a vesicle with the plasma membrane.
How do endocytosis and exocytosis function in cycling a cell’s plasma membrane?
Within endocytosis (into the cell) there are 2, pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Exocytosis (out of the cell) *** not sure.
Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is passage of materials through the plasma membrane that is aided by a transport protein.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from a region of their high concentration to a region of their lower concentration.
Active transport
Active transport is when it takes molecules agent the concentration gradient using ATP
Osmosis
Osmosis is the net movement of water across the plasma membrane.
Hypertonic
Hypertonic has a higher concentration of solutes then another.
Endocytosis
Endocytosis (movement in) is the movement of relatively large materials into the cell through by an unfolding of the plasma membrane
Hypotonic
Hypotonic is a fluid that has a lower concentration of solutes than another
Exocytosis
Exocytosis (movement out) is defined as the movement of materials out of the cell through a fusing of a vesicle with the plasma membrane.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is one of the endocytosis ways a cell brings stuff in, it engulfs food, bacteria, and other foreign molecules. it brings materials into the cell and destroys it.
Isotonic
Isotonic is two situations that have equal concentrations of solutes.
Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis is the movement of relatively large materials into a cell by means of the creation of transport vesicles that are produces through an invagination of the plasma membrane.
