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Biology > Biology section 6 Knowledge organizer > Flashcards

Biology section 6 Knowledge organizer Flashcards

1
Q

Number of cells made by Mitosis

A

2

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2
Q

Number of cells made by meiosis

A

4

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3
Q

Variation in cells produced by mitosis

A

genetically identical to each other and the parent cell

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4
Q

Variation in cells produced by meiosis

A

different to each other and parent cell

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5
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis

A

Grow , repair , asexual reproduction

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6
Q

what is the purpose of meiosis

A

produce gametes for sexual reproduction

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6
Q

number of chromosomes in cell after mitosis

A

Full amount(pairs of chromosomes)

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7
Q

number of chromosomes in cell after meiosis

A

Half (single chromosomes)

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8
Q

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction

A

Produces variation. offspring are more likely to survive changes to the environment and dieses

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9
Q

What is an disadvantage of sexual reproduction

A

Requires a mate. slower way of producing offspring

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10
Q

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Produce lots of offspring quickly. no mate needed

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11
Q

What is an disadvantage of asexual reproduction

A

Offspring are less likely to survive environmental changes and disease

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12
Q

What is a symptom of polydactyly

A

Extra fingers and toes

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13
Q

What is a symptom of cystic fibrosis

A

Disorder of cell membranes. causes sticky mucus on lungs

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14
Q

What is polydactyly caused by

A

Dominant allele

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15
Q

What is the genotype of people with polydactyly

A

PP or Pp

16
Q

What is the genotype of people without polydactyly

A

pp

17
Q

Does polydactyly have carriers

A

No

17
Q

What causes cystic fibrosis

A

Recessive allele

18
Q

What is the genotype of people with cystic fibrosis

A

cc

19
Q

What Is the genotype of people without cystic fibrosis

A

CC or Cc

20
Q

how many chromosomes does a human chromosome have

A

23 pairs

21
Q

Does cystic fibrosis have carriers

A

Yes genotype Cc

22
Q

What chromosomes do males have

A

XY

23
Q

What chromosomes do females have

A

XX

24
Q

What causes antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

Mutations
Antibiotics
Breeding and spread

25
Q

How can we reduce the spread of arb

A

Only prescribe to serious bacterial infections
Complete a full course of antibiotics
Restrict antibiotic use in agriculture

26
Q

Explain Darwin’s theory

A
  1. There is variation in a population caused by mutations to their genes
    2.There is competition between individuals
    3.The better adapted organisms survive breed and pass on their alleles
  2. Over time the number of individuals with better adapted alleles increase
27
Q

How are fossils formed

A

Parts of an organism dont decay
hard parts of an organism are replaced by minerals as they decay
traces of organisms are preserved

28
Q

What do fossils show us

A

How organisms have changed over time and provide evidence for evolution

29
Q

Explain the process of selective breeding

A
  1. Choose parents with the correct characteristics from the population
  2. Breed them together
  3. Choose the offspring with the desired characteristics and breed them together
    4.continue through multiple generations
30
Q

Give examples of desired characteristics

A

Disease resistance in food crops
animals which produce more meat or milk
domestic dogs with a gentle nature
large or unusual flowers

31
Q

Give the positives and negatives of GM crops

A

+ increases yield of crops
- could negatively effect wild populations of flowers and insects
- Effects on human health not fully explored

32
Q

What is the process of genetic engineering

A
  1. genes are cut out by enzymes
  2. the gene is inserted into a vector
  3. the vector is used to insert the gene into the required cells
    4.Genes are transferred to the cells of animals, plants or microorganisms at an early stage in their development so that they develop with desired characteristics
33
Q

Give examples of genetic engineering

A

Insulin gene
making plants resistant to disease, insects or herbicides

Biology (6 decks)

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