Biology section 6 key words Inheritance variation and evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Allele

A

A version of a gene

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2
Q

Amino Acid

A

Small molecules from which proteins are assembled

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3
Q

Archaea

A

Primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments

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4
Q

Binomial system

A

The universal system of naming organisms using their genus and species

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4
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

A form of reproduction involving a single parent . creates genetically identical offspring.

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5
Q

Charles Darwin

A

The scientists who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

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6
Q

Chromosomes

A

A long coiled molecule of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes

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7
Q

Classification

A

The organisation off organisms into grouped based on their characteristics and structure

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7
Q

dna

A

A double stranded polymer wound to form a double helix. carries the genetic code

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8
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

A cellular membrane disorder resulting from the presence of a recessive allele

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9
Q

Dominant

A

Describes an allele that is always express. represented by a capital letter

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10
Q

Embryo screening

A

A procedure used to determine the presence of faultily genes in an embryos produces through ivf. a few embryonic cells are removed and screened for defective alleles

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11
Q

Evolution

A

The gradual change in inherited traits within a population over time. occurs due to natural selection

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12
Q

Evolutionary tree

A

A diagram which illustrates the evolutionary relationships between organisms

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13
Q

extinction

A

The death of all members of a species

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13
Q

Family tree

A

A chart used to show the inheritance of a condition in a family

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14
Q

fossil

A

The remains of dead organisms found in rocks which are millions of years old

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14
Q

Fertilisation

A

The fusion of the nucleus of males and female gametes. restores the full chromosome number.

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15
Q

gametes

A

Sex cells(sperm egg pollen) with half the usual number of chromosomes

16
Q

gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which undergo polymerisation to form protein

17
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The modification of the genome of an organism by the insertion of a desired gene from another organisms enabling the formation of organisms with beneficial characteristics

18
Q

genome

A

The complete genetic material of an organism

19
Q

genotype

A

An organisms genetic composition describes all alleles

20
Q

gm crops

A

crops that have had their genomes modified by the insertion of a desired gene from another organism

21
Q

Inbreeding

A

The formation of offspring from the breeding of closely related individuals

21
Q

Heterogynous

A

gene when someone has two different alleles e.g Ff

22
Q

Linnaean system

A

The classification of organisms into kingdom phylum class order family genus and species as developed by Carl Linnaean

22
Q

Homozygous

A

When someone has two identical alleles of a gene e.g. FF

23
Q

meiosis

A

A form of cell division that produces gametes non identical calls with half the usual number of chromosomes

24
Q

mitosis

A

A form of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells ( with a full set of chromosomes ) from one parent cell

25
Q

mrsa

A

A type of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic, methicillin

26
Q

mutation

A

A random change in DNA which may result in genetic variation

27
Q

natural selection

A

The process by which the frequency of advantageous traits passed on in gene gradually increases in a population over time

28
Q

phenotype

A

An organism’s observable characteristics due to interactions of the genotype and the environment

29
Q

polydactyly

A

A condition where an individual is born with extra fingers or toes due to the presence of a dominant allele

30
Q

Punnett square

A

A grind used to predict the potential outcomes of a genetic cross

31
Q

recessive

A

Describes an allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele represented by a small letter

32
Q

ribosomes

A

Sub-cellular structure where protein synthesis takes place

33
Q

sex chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes responsible for the determination of gender xy in male and xx in females

34
Q

selective breeding

A

The process by which humans artificially select organisms with desirable characteristics and bred them to produce off spring with desirable phenotypes

35
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

A form of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes creating genetic variation

36
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms that are able to bread with one another to produce fertile offspring

37
Q

Three domain system

A

A method of classification in which organisms are categorised into three groups: archaea bacteria an eukaryote which was developed by carl woese

38
Q

Variation

A

The differences between individuals due to genes, the environment or a combination of both

39
Q

Vector

A

A carrier used to transfer a gene from one organism to another